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- 1. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 113725 (2006) , “Light- and bias-induced metastabilities in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells caused by the (VSe-VCu) vacancy complex”, Stephan Lany and Alex ZungerWe investigate theoretically light- and bias-induced metastabilities in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) based solar cells, suggesting the Se–Cu divacancy complex (VSe-VCu) as the source of this hitherto puzzling phenomena. Due to its amphoteric nature, the... (Read more)
- 2. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 063517 (2006) , “Extraction of Cu diffusivities in dielectric materials by numerical calculation and capacitance-voltage measurement”, Ki-Su Kim, Young-Chang Joo, Ki-Bum Kim, and Jang-Yeon KwonA rigorous method of obtaining the Cu diffusivities in various SiO2-based dielectric materials is proposed. The diffusion profile of Cu ions in a dielectric material is first simulated and the resulting flatband voltage shift (VFB) is compared with the experimental... (Read more)
- 3. Phys. Rev. B 74, 035210 (2006) , “Density-functional electronic structure calculations for native defects and Cu impurities in CdS”, Kazume Nishidate, Takuya Sato, Yuta Matsukura, Mamoru Baba, and Masayuki HasegawaWe performed density-functional electronic structure calculations for wurtzite CdS with native defects and Cu impurity. We investigate formation energies and ionization levels of the defects in various charge states. Our results reveal that the S vacancy is a double donor with the strongly localized... (Read more)
- 4. Phys. Rev. B 71, 115205 (2005) , “Origin of the 6885-cm–1 luminescence lines in ZnO: Vanadium versus copper”, L. S. Vlasenko, G. D. Watkins, R. HelbigOptical detection of electron paramagnetic resonance reveals the I=7/2 EPR spectrum of V2+ in the sharp photoluminescence (PL) lines often observed at ~6885 cm1 in ZnO, which have universally been assumed previously to arise from copper. An alternative model for... (Read more)
- 5. Semiconductors 38, 31-35 (2004) , “Green Luminescence Band of Zinc Oxide Films Copper-Doped by Thermal Diffusion”, Ya. I. Alivov, M. V. Chukichev, V. A. NikitenkoHigh quality ZnO single-crystal films were doped with copper by thermal diffusion, and their luminescent properties were studied by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. Doping with copper increases the intensity of the green-emission band of the cathodoluminescence spectrum, whose peak, width, and shape at 78 and 300 K remain unchanged. At 4.2 K, a pronounced phonon structure with a phonon energy of 72 meV is detected in the cathodoluminescence green-emission band of the doped samples. In this case, the phonon peaks feature a triplet fine structure instead of the doublet one generally observed. This feature is attributed to radiative recombination of acceptor excitons that are localized at copper atoms and interact with each one of the subbands of the ZnO valence band. An analysis of the experimental data on the film cathodoluminescence and comparative studies of luminescence and electron spin resonance in single crystals allow one to conclude that the uncontrollable copper impurity typically existing in ZnO is responsible for green-emission luminescence in this material. (Read more)
- 6. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 622 (2002) , “Role of copper in the green luminescence from ZnO crystals”, N. Y. Garces, L. Wang, L. Bai, N. C. Giles, L. E. Halliburton, G. CantwellElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), photoluminescence, and infrared optical absorption have been used to investigate a ZnO crystal before and after a thermal anneal for 1 h in air at 900 °C. The sample was an undoped high quality crystal grown by the chemical vapor transport method. In... (Read more)
- 7. Phys. Rev. B 62, 12923-12926 (2000) , “Electron paramagnetic resonance of Cu(d9) in GaN”, C. Bozdog, K. H. Chow, G. D. Watkins, H. Sunakawa, N. Kuroda, A. UsuiElectron paramagnetic resonance of Cu2+(d9) has been detected optically in the visible and near-infrared luminescence of wurtzite GaN. Its effective S=1/2 spin Hamiltonian parameters are g‖=±0.20(5), g⊥=+1.549(1), and... (Read more)
- 8. Appl. Surf. Sci. 147, 85-93 (1999) , “Influence of trivalent metal ions on the surface structure of a copper-based catalyst for methanol synthesis”, Hong-Bo Chen, Dai-Wei Liao, La-Jia Yu, Yi-Ji Lin, Jun Yi, Hong-Bin Zhang and Khi-Rui TsaiThe method of doping trivalent metal ions into a copper-based catalyst for methanol synthesis is effective in modifying the surface structure of the catalyst. The promotion effect and its relation to catalytic activity for hydrogenation of CO to methanol after doping with trivalent metal ions such... (Read more)
- 9. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, L113 (1999) , “Yellow Emission from Zinc Oxide giving an Electron Spin Resonance Signal at g=1.96”, Naoki Ohashi, Tomokazu Nakata, Takashi Sekiguchi, Hideo Hosono, Masafumi Mizuguchi, Takaaki Tsurumi, Junzo Tanaka, Hajime HanedaZnO polycrystals doped with Li, Cu or Al were prepared by solid-state reactions and their cathodoluminescence (CL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were measured. A strong yellow emission centered at 2.0 eV was observed for the Al-doped specimen and its intensity was higher than that of... (Read more)
- 10. Appl. Phys. A 30, 1 (1983) , “Transition Metals in Silicon”, E. R. Weber.A review is given on the diffusion, solubility and electrical activity of 3d transition metals in silicon. Transition elements (especially, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) diffuse interstitially and stay in the interstitial site in thermal equilibrium at the diffusion temperature. The parameters of the liquidus curves are identical for the Si:Ti — Si:Ni melts, indicating comparable silicon-metal interaction for all these elements. Only Cr, Mn, and Fe could be identified in undisturbed interstitial sites after quenching, the others precipitated or formed complexes. The 3d elements can be divided into two groups according to the respective enthalpy of formation of the solid solution. The distinction can arise from different charge states of these impurities at the diffusion temperature. For the interstitial 3d atoms remaining after quenching, reliable energy levels are established from the literature and compared with recent calculations. (Read more)
- 11. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 58, 165-178 (1983) , “Electron paramagnetic resonance of Cu2+ and V4+ ions in borate glasses”, L. D. Bogomolova , V. A. JachkinThe EPR spectra of Cu2+ and V4+ ions have been studied in binary RO---B2O3 glasses (where R = Ba, Sr, Pb and Zn) and in ternary PbO---ZnO---B2O3 glasses. The main results of an EPR study of alkali-borate glasses are briefly reviewed. Three distinct EPR spectra of Cu2+ ions in barium-borate glasses... (Read more)
- 12. Solid State Commun. 26, 779-781 (1978) , “Motional effects in the EPR-spectrum of Cu-H-centers in ZnO”, D. ZwingelAt low temperatures, the EPR signal of a Cu2+ center is observed in ZnO single crystals doped both with copper and hydrogen. A clear effect of line narrowing on the copper hfs-lines is observed at T=16K. It is discussed in the model of a Cu-(OH) complex taking into account the thermally induced... (Read more)
- 13. Solid State Commun. 15, 1475-1479 (1974) , “Optical and paramagnetic properties of ZnO-Crystals simultaneously doped with copper and hydrogen”, E. Mollwo, G. Müller and D. ZwingelIn ZnO crystals, containing both Cu and H(D), we observe characteristic absorption peaks in the near i.r. and three new EPR signals. We explain these results by the formation of impurity complexes consisting of an OH center and one or two Cu ions. (Read more)
- 14. J. Appl. Phys. 35, 379-397 (1964) , “Diffusion and Solubility of Copper in Extrinsic and Intrinsic Germanium, Silicon, and Gallium Arsenide”, R. N. Hall and J. H. RacetteThe solubilities of substitutional and interstitial copper (Cus and Cui) have been measured in intrinsic and extrinsic n- and p-type Ge, Si, and GaAs, using Cu64. These measurements show that Cus is a triple acceptor in... (Read more)
- 15. J. Appl. Phys. 29, 736-737 (1958) , “Silicon Crystals Free of Dislocations”, William C. DashEtching and copper decoration techniques have shown that silicon crystals grown from quartz crucibles under proper conditions contain no detectable dislocations.However,oxygen in concentration up to about 1018 per cm3incorporated from the quartz crucible might conceivably... (Read more)
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