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- 1. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 021920 (2007) , “Hydrogen passivation of nitrogen in GaNAs and GaNP alloys: How many H atoms are required for each N atom?”, I. A. Buyanova, W. M. Chen, M. Izadifard, S. J. Pearton, C. Bihler, M. S. Brandt, Y. G. Hong, and C. W. TuSecondary ion mass spectrometry and photoluminescence are employed to evaluate the origin and efficiency of hydrogen passivation of nitrogen in GaNAs and GaNP. The hydrogen profiles are found to closely follow the N distributions, providing unambiguous evidence for their preferential binding as the... (Read more)
- 2. Phys. Rev. B 75, 195335 (2007) , “Computational and experimental imaging of Mn defects on GaAs (110) cross-sectional surfaces”, A. Stroppa, X. Duan, M. Peressi, D. Furlanetto, and S. ModestiWe present a combined experimental and computational study of the (110) cross-sectional surface of Mn δ-doped GaAs samples. We focus our study on three different selected Mn defect configurations not previously studied in detail, namely surface interstitial Mn, isolated and in pairs, and... (Read more)
- 3. Phys. Rev. B 75, 195207 (2007) , “Effects of optical absorption on 71Ga optically polarized NMR in semi-insulating GaAs: Measurements and simulations”, Stacy Mui, Kannan Ramaswamy, and Sophia E. HayesThe intensity and the hyperfine shift of optically polarized NMR (OPNMR) signals of 71Ga in semi-insulating GaAs have been found to depend on the photon energy and the helicity of light used for optical pumping. Single-crystal GaAs wafers of two different thicknesses, 400 and 175 ... (Read more)
- 4. Phys. Rev. B 75, 115205 (2007) , “Stability of I3 complexes in III-V compound semiconductors by tight-binding molecular dynamics”, G. Zollo and F. GalaIntrinsic interstitials in GaAs are known to have a large formation energy that makes their concentration almost negligible in as-grown materials. However, interstitials must be explicitly considered in implanted GaAs where collision cascades, induced by the energetic ions, produce a large amount of... (Read more)
- 5. Phys. Rev. B 75, 113310 (2007) , “Hole spin polarization in GaAs:Mn/AlAs multiple quantum wells”, V. F. Sapega, O. Brandt, M. Ramsteiner, K. H. Ploog, I. E. Panaiotti, and N. S. AverkievWe study the effect of confinement on the spin polarization of holes bound to Mn acceptors in paramagnetic GaAs:Mn/AlAs multiple quantum wells. It is demonstrated that the polarization of these bound holes is governed by the properties of the host material rather than by quantum confinement. The... (Read more)
- 6. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 206403 (2007) , “H-Induced Dangling Bonds in H–Isoelectronic-Impurity Complexes Formed in GaAs1-yNy Alloys”, A. Amore Bonapasta, F. Filippone, and G. MattioliComplexes formed by H and the isoelectronic impurity N in GaAs1-yNy alloys have been widely investigated because the significant effects of N on the GaAs properties and their passivation by H represent a unique tool for a defect engineering of semiconductors.... (Read more)
- 7. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 077601 (2007) , “Multiple-Pulse Coherence Enhancement of Solid State Spin Qubits”, W. M. Witzel and S. Das SarmaWe describe how the spin coherence time of a localized electron spin in solids, i.e., a solid state spin qubit, can be prolonged by applying designed electron spin resonance pulse sequences. In particular, the spin echo decay due to the spectral diffusion of the electron spin resonance frequency... (Read more)
- 8. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 026802 (2007) , “Microscopic Basis for the Mechanism of Carrier Dynamics in an Operating p-n Junction Examined by Using Light-Modulated Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy”, Shoji Yoshida, Yuya Kanitani, Ryuji Oshima, Yoshitaka Okada, Osamu Takeuchi, and Hidemi ShigekawaThe doping characteristics and carrier transport in a GaAs p-n junction were visualized with a ~10 nm spatial resolution, using light-modulated scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The dynamics of minority carriers under operating conditions, such as recombination, diffusion, and electric... (Read more)
- 9. Physica B 401, 250 (2007) , Elsevier , “Doubly charged state of EL2 defect in MOCVD-grown GaAs ”, Nazir A. Naz, Umar S. Qurashi, Abdul Majid and M. Zafar IqbalEL2 is the ubiquitous native defect in crystalline GaAs grown by a variety of different techniques. It has been proposed to be a doubly charged deep-level center with two states having distinct energy levels in the band gap. While the singly charged state has been the subject of many experimental studies and is, therefore, well established, the doubly charged state has only been occasionally alluded to in the literature. This paper provides evidence for a dominant inadvertent deep level in p-type GaAs most likely to be the doubly charged state of the EL2 center. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) has been applied to characterize epitaxial layers of p-type GaAs grown on p+ GaAs substrates by low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). A pronounced peak is observed in the majority carrier (hole) emission deep-level spectra. Thermal emission rate of holes from the corresponding deep level is found to exhibit a strong electric field dependence, showing an increase of more than two orders of magnitude with an increase of the electric field by a factor of~2. The thermal activation energy for this level is found to vary from 0.29 to 0.61 eV as the electric field is varied from 2.8×105 to 1.4×105 V/cm. Direct pulse-filling measurements point to a temperature-dependent behavior of the hole capture cross section of this level. We identify this inadvertent deep-level defect, commonly observed in p-type AsGa grown by a variety of different methods, with the doubly charged state of the well-known AsGa antisite related defect, EL2. (Read more)
- 10. Advances in Science and Technology 46, 73 (2006) , Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland , “Electric-Field-Enhanced Thermal Emission from Osmium-Related”, M. Zafar Iqbal, A. Majid, A. Dadgar and D. BimbergDeep-level defects related with 5d transition metal, osmium (Os) have been studied in ntype GaAs. Os has been incorporated in epitaxial n-GaAs layers in situ, during growth by lowpressure metal-organic chemical vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) technique. Mesa p+nn+ junction diodes are fabricated for investigations by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Two deeplevel peaks, observed in majority carrier (electron) emission spectra, Os1 and Os2, show a significant shift in peak positions to lower temperatures with the applied junction reverse bias, demonstrating enhancement of the thermal emission rate by the junction electric field. Doublecorrelation DLTS (DDLTS) measurements have been employed for accurate quantitative investigations of the observed field dependence. However, in view of the relatively small concentration of the deep level Os1, this technique is found to yield reliable data only for the deep level corresponding to the dominant peak, Os2. Detailed data have been obtained on the field effect for Os2, extending over junction electric field values 3 x 106 V/m - 1.2 x 107 V/m. The measured emission rate signatures show a reduction of the thermal activation energy from 0.48 eV to 0.21 eV for Os2 over this electric field range. Analysis of the data in terms of the recent theoretical work on field dependence indicates that Os2 is associated with a substitutional Os donor. (Read more)
- 11. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 231901 (2006) , “Cathodoluminescence investigations of GaInNAs on GaAs(111)B”, J. Miguel-Sánchez, U. Jahn, A. Guzmán, and E. MuñozIn this work, we present a detailed cathodoluminescence characterization of GaInNAs quantum wells grown on GaAs(111)B. As-grown and annealed InGaAs and GaInNAs quantum wells were maeasured and compared by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence at different photon energies. In the case of... (Read more)
- 12. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 152910 (2006) , “Characterization of atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3/GaAs interface improved by NH3 plasma pretreatment”, Hong-Liang Lu, Liang Sun, Shi-Jin Ding, Min Xu, David Wei Zhang, and Li-Kang WangAl2O3 thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition on HF-cleaned and NH3 plasma-treated GaAs surfaces, respectively. The precursors used for Al2O3 films are trimethylaluminum and water. Effects of NH3 plasma pretreatment on... (Read more)
- 13. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 092103 (2006) , “Electron energy barriers at interfaces of GaAs(100) with LaAlO3 and Gd2O3”, V. V. Afanas'ev, A. Stesmans, R. Droopad, M.Passlack, L.F. Edge, D. G. SchlomElectron energy barriers at the interfaces of GaAs(100) with Gd2O3 appear to be insensitive to the Fermi level pinning indicating that charges at interface states are of marginal importance for the band alignment at semiconductor/insulator interfaces. The inferred conduction... (Read more)
- 14. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 061903 (2006) , “Nitrogen related vacancies in GaAs based quantum well superlattices”, J. Slotte, K. Saarinen, E.-M. Pavelescu, T. Hakkarainen, and M. PessaThe authors report on the influence of nitrogen incorporation on vacancies in GaAs based superlattices. The samples were molecular beam epitaxy grown on p-type GaAs substrates with the superlattice structure consisting of ten periods of quantum well material separated by GaAs buffers. Three... (Read more)
- 15. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 012505 (2006) , “Diffusion and clustering of substitutional Mn in (Ga,Mn)As”, Hannes Raebiger, Maria Ganchenkova, and Juhani von BoehmThe Ga vacancy mediated microstructure evolution of (Ga,Mn)As during growth and postgrowth annealing is studied using a multiscale approach. The migration barriers for the Ga vacancies and substitutional Mn together with their interactions are calculated using first principles, and temporal... (Read more)
- 16. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 083521 (2006) , “Thermally activated charge reversibility of gallium vacancies in GaAs”, Fedwa El-Mellouhi, Norm, and MousseauThe dominant charge state for the Ga vacancy in GaAs has been the subject of a long debate, with experiments suggesting −1, −2, or −3 as the best answer. We revisit this problem using ab initio calculations to compute the effects of temperature on the Gibbs free energy of... (Read more)
- 17. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 064910 (2006) , “Defects in Ga(In)NAs thin films grown by atomic H-assisted molecular beam epitaxy”, Yukiko Shimizu, Yusuke Mura, Akira Uedono, and Yoshitaka OkadaThe vacancy-type defects in Ga1yInyNxAs1x dilute nitride films grown by atomic H-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (H-MBE) were investigated. The positron annihilation measurements showed that the densities of... (Read more)
- 18. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 053516 (2006) , “Damage production in GaAs and GaAsN induced by light and heavy ions”, C. Björkas, K. Nordlund, K. Arstila, J. Keinonen, V. D. S. Dhaka, and M. PessaIon irradiation causes damage in semiconductor crystal structures and affects charge carrier dynamics. We have studied the damage production by high-energy (100 keV10 MeV) H, He, Ne, and Ni ions in GaAs and GaAs90N10 using molecular dynamics computer simulations. We... (Read more)
- 19. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 044503 (2006) , “Dislocation dynamics in strain relaxation in GaAsSb/GaAs heteroepitaxy”, B. Pérez Rodríguez and J. Mirecki MillunchickThe real-time stress evolution has been investigated during molecular-beam epitaxial growth of GaAs1xSbx/GaAs metamorphic buffer. These real-time data were obtained using an in situ multibeam optical sensor measurement and has been combined with... (Read more)
- 20. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 034503 (2006) , “Deep level defects in proton radiated GaAs grown on metamorphic SiGe/Si substrates”, M. González, C. L. Andre, R. J. Walters, S. R. Messenger, J. H. Warner, J. R. Lorentzen, A. J. Pitera, E. A. Fitzgerald, and S. A. RingelThe effect of 2 MeV proton radiation on the introduction of deep levels in GaAs grown on compositionally graded SiGe/Si substrates was investigated using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Systematic comparisons were made with identical layers grown on both GaAs and Ge substrates to directly... (Read more)
- 21. Nature 442, 436 (2006) , “Atom-by-atom substitution of Mn in GaAs and visualization of their hole-mediated interactions”, D. Kitchen, A. Richardella, J. -M. Tang, M. E. Flatt, A. YazdaniThe discovery of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped GaAs1 has ignited interest in the development of semiconductor technologies based on electron spin and has led to several proof-of-concept spintronic devices2, 3, 4. A major hurdle for realistic applications of Ga1-XMnXAs, or other dilute magnetic semiconductors, remains that their ferromagnetic transition temperature is below room temperature. Enhancing ferromagnetism in semiconductors requires us to understand the mechanisms for interaction between magnetic dopants, such as Mn, and identify the circumstances in which ferromagnetic interactions are maximized5. Here we describe an atom-by-atom substitution technique using a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) and apply it to perform a controlled study at the atomic scale of the interactions between isolated Mn acceptors, which are mediated by holes in GaAs. High-resolution STM measurements are used to visualize the GaAs electronic states that participate in the Mn–Mn interaction and to quantify the interaction strengths as a function of relative position and orientation. Our experimental findings, which can be explained using tight-binding model calculations, reveal a strong dependence of ferromagnetic interaction on crystallographic orientation. This anisotropic interaction can potentially be exploited by growing oriented Ga1-XMnXAs structures to enhance the ferromagnetic transition temperature beyond that achieved in randomly doped samples. (Read more)
- 22. Phys. Rev. B 74, 245205 (2006) , “Mn incorporation in as-grown and annealed (Ga,Mn)As layers studied by x-ray diffraction and standing-wave fluorescence”, V. Holý, Z. Matj, O. Pacherová, V. Novák, M. Cukr, K. Olejník, and T. JungwirthA combination of high-resolution x-ray diffraction and a technique of x-ray standing-wave fluorescence at grazing incidence is employed to study the structure of a (Ga,Mn)As-diluted magnetic semiconductor and its changes during post-growth annealing steps. We find that the film is formed by a... (Read more)
- 23. Phys. Rev. B 74, 241303(R) (2006) , “Enhancement of interactions between magnetic ions in semiconductors due to declustering”, A. Franceschetti, S. V. Barabash, J. Osorio-Guillen, A. Zunger, and M. van SchilfgaardeIt is often assumed that the exchange interaction between two magnetic ions in a semiconductor host depends only on the distance and orientation of the magnetic ions. Using first-principles electronic structure calculations of Mn impurities in GaAs, we show that the exchange interaction between two... (Read more)
- 24. Phys. Rev. B 74, 235213 (2006) , “Mn 3d electronic configurations in (Ga1−xMnx)As ferromagnetic semiconductors and their influence on magnetic ordering”, F. Kronast, R. Ovsyannikov, A. Vollmer, H. A. Dürr, W. Eberhardt, P. Imperia, D. Schmitz, G. M. Schott, C. Ruester, C. Gould, G. Schmidt, K. Brunner, M. Sawicki, and L. W. MolenkampWe applied x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Mn 2p-3d resonances to study the Mn 3d electronic configuration and the coupling of Mn 3d magnetic moments in various Ga1−xMnxAs films.... (Read more)
- 25. Phys. Rev. B 74, 205207 (2006) , “Charge-dependent migration pathways for the Ga vacancy in GaAs”, Fedwa El-Mellouhi, Norm, and MousseauUsing a combination of the local-basis ab initio program SIESTA and the activation-relaxation technique we study the diffusion mechanisms of the gallium vacancy in GaAs. Vacancies are found to diffuse to the second neighbor using two different mechanisms, as well as to the first and fourth... (Read more)
- 26. Phys. Rev. B 74, 165204 (2006) , “Electronic structure of rare-earth impurities in GaAs and GaN”, A. Svane, N. E. Christensen, L. Petit, Z. Szotek, and W. M. TemmermanThe electronic structures of substitutional rare-earth (RE) impurities in GaAs and cubic GaN are calculated. The total energy is evaluated with the self-interaction corrected local spin density approximation, by which several configurations of the open 4f shell of the rare-earth ion are... (Read more)
- 27. Phys. Rev. B 74, 161201 (2006) , “Detection of magnetic resonance of donor-bound electrons in GaAs by Kerr rotation”, T. A. Kennedy, J. Whitaker, A. Shabaev, A. S. Bracker, and D. GammonMagnetic resonance of electrons in lightly doped GaAs layers has been detected at 5.8 T by magneto-optical Kerr rotation. A study over a wide range of microwave powers shows (1) resonance without dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), (2) resonance enhanced by DNP, and (3) DNP pinning of the resonance... (Read more)
- 28. Phys. Rev. B 74, 155203 (2006) , “Antisite effect on hole-mediated ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)As”, R. C. Myers, B. L. Sheu, A. W. Jackson, A. C. Gossard, P. Schiffer, N. Samarth, and D. D. AwschalomWe study the Curie temperature and hole density of (Ga,Mn)As while systematically varying the As-antisite density. Hole compensation by As-antisites limits the Curie temperature and can completely quench long-range ferromagnetic order in the low doping regime of 1%2% Mn. Samples are grown by... (Read more)
- 29. Phys. Rev. B 74, 153201 (2006) , “Light-induced hyperfine 69Ga shifts in semi-insulating GaAs observed by optically polarized NMR”, Kannan Ramaswamy, Stacy Mui, and Sophia E. HayesWe report the observation of 69Ga NMR light induced hyperfine shifts at 6 K in semi-insulating GaAs detected by optically polarized nuclear magnetic resonance in a magnetic field of 4.7 T. The main features of the observed shift are a systematic change in the absolute shift value as the... (Read more)
- 30. Phys. Rev. B 74, 035213 (2006) , “Bound exciton states of isoelectronic centers in GaAs:N grown by an atomically controlled doping technique”, Takashi Kita and Osamu WadaWe have studied bound exciton states of isoelectronic centers of nitrogen-doped GaAs by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The nitrogen doping has been performed in an atomically controlled way using the (3×3) nitrogen stable surface on GaAs(001), which has succeeded in forming a series of... (Read more)
- 31. Phys. Rev. B 74, 035208 (2006) , “Ultranarrow photoluminescence transitions of nitrogen cluster bound excitons in dilute GaAsN”, D. Karaiskaj, A. Mascarenhas, M. Adamcyk, E. C. Young, and T. TiedjeHigh resolution photoluminescence spectroscopy on heavily doped GaAs:N reveals the existence of excitons bound to a nitrogen cluster. The observed transitions are exceedingly sharp, similar to those observed for excitons bound to nitrogen pairs in high quality GaAs with the narrowest transition... (Read more)
- 32. Phys. Rev. B 73, 33201 (2006) , “Manganese on various lattice sites in (Ga,Mn)As investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance”, T. WeiersThe differences between variously doped and grown samples of manganese-doped GaAs have been studied and set in relation to the magnetic and electronic properties of these materials. For interion exchange and contrary to the resolved hyperfine and crystal field contributions from the ionized acceptor... (Read more)
- 33. Phys. Rev. B 73, 205205 (2006) , “Photoluminescence from the nitrogen-perturbed above-bandgap states in dilute GaAs1–xNx alloys: A microphotoluminescence study”, P. H. Tan, X. D. Luo, Z. Y. Xu, Y. Zhang, A. Mascarenhas, H. P. Xin, C. W. Tu, and W. K. GeUsing microphotoluminescence (µ-PL), in dilute N GaAs1xNx alloys, we observe a PL band far above the bandgap E0 with its peak energy following the so-called E+ transition, but with contribution from perturbed... (Read more)
- 34. Phys. Rev. B 73, 125204 (2006) , “Optically detected magnetic resonance studies of point defects in Ga(Al)NAs”, I. P. Vorona, T.Mchedlidze, D. Dagnelund, I. A. Buyanova, W. M. Chen, K. KhlerAn optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) study of Ga(Al)NAs alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates is presented. A number of grown-in defects were observed which act as nonradiative recombination centers. A detailed analysis of experimental data using a spin Hamiltonian... (Read more)
- 35. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 226401 (2006) , “Quasiparticle Corrections to the Electronic Properties of Anion Vacancies at GaAs(110) and InP(110)”, Magnus Hedström, Arno Schindlmayr, Günther Schwarz, and Matthias SchefflerWe propose a new method for calculating optical defect levels and thermodynamic charge-transition levels of point defects in semiconductors, which includes quasiparticle corrections to the Kohn-Sham eigenvalues of density-functional theory. Its applicability is demonstrated for anion vacancies at... (Read more)
- 36. Physica B 373, 182-193 (2006) , “Electron–nuclear double resonance and dynamic nuclear polarization in GaAs in the regime of the quantum Hall effect”, E. Olshanetsky, J.D. Caldwell, A.E. Kovalev, C.R. Bowers, J.A. Simmons , J.L. RenoElectron spin resonance (ESR) and electron-nuclear double resonance experiments were performed in the 2D electron systems of GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum well and heterojunction samples in the vicinity of the unity filling factor in the regime of the quantum Hall effect. As is well known, the ESR... (Read more)
- 37. AIP Conf. Proc. 772, 147 (2005) , American Institute of Physics , “Deep levels in osmium doped p-type GaAs grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition”, M. Zafar Iqbal, A. Majid, A. Dadgar, and D. BimbergResults of a preliminary study on deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) investigations of osmium (Os) impurity in p-type GaAs, introduced in situ during MOCVD crystal growth, are reported for the first time. Os is clearly shown to introduce two prominent deep levels in the lower half-bandgap of GaAs at energy positions Ev + 0.42 eV (OsA) and Ev + 0.72 eV (OsB). A minority-carrier emitting defect feature observed in the upper half-bandgap is shown to consist of a band of Os-related deep levels with a concentration significantly higher than that of the majority carrier emitting deep levels. Detailed data on the emission rate signatures and related parameters of the Os-related deep levels are reported. ©2005 American Institute of Physics (Read more)
- 38. AIP Conf. Proc. 772, 143 (2005) , American Institute of Physics , “Deep levels in Ruthenium doped p-type MOCVD GaAs”, A. Majid, M. Zafar Iqbal, A. Dadgar, and D. BimbergRuthenium is introduced into GaAs during epitaxial growth by MOCVD. Preliminary results of DLTS investigation of the defect states associated with this 4d transition-metal impurity are reported for the first time. At least three deep levels are identified with Ru in the lower half-bandgap of GaAs at energy positions Ev + 0.38 eV, Ev + 0.52 eV and Ev + 0.65 eV, the last with a relatively higher concentration than the first two. At least one Ru-related deep level is observed in the upper half-bandgap at Ec – 0.66 eV with a significantly high concentration. Emission rate signatures and associated characteristics of all these defect levels are reported. The Ev + 0.65 eV level is found to exhibit an electric field dependent thermal emission characteristic. ©2005 American Institute of Physics (Read more)
- 39. AIP Conf. Proc. 772, 121 (2005) , “ESR Study of Zn-codoping Effect on the Luminescence Efficiency of the Er-2O Center in GaAs:Er,O”, M. Yoshida, K. Hiraka, H. Ohta, Y. Fujiwara, A. Koizumi, and Y. TakedaESR measurements of Zn-codoped GaAs:Er,O have been performed at 9.49 GHz. Several anisotropic ESR signals (A, B, and C) are observed. We found that the intensity of the C center decreases together with the decrease of the PL intensity by increasing the doping amount of Zn, while the changes of the... (Read more)
- 40. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 252118 (2005) , “"EL2" revisited: Observation of metastable and stable energy levels of EL2 in semi-insulating GaAs”, D. Kabiraj, S. GhoshBy using a combination of detailed experimental studies, we identify the metastable and stable energy levels of EL2 in semi-insulating GaAs. These results are discussed in light of the recently proposed models for EL2 in GaAs. ©2005 American Institute of Physics ... (Read more)
- 41. J. Appl. Phys. 98, 083709 (2005) , American Institute of Physics , “Osmium impurity-related deep levels in n-type GaAs”, A. Majid, M. Zafar Iqbal, A. Dadgar and D. BimbergThe 5d transition-metal impurity, osmium, has been incorporated during the growth of n-type GaAs epitaxial layers using low-pressure metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition to characterize defect states associated with this heavy and, therefore, thermally stable dopant impurity.... (Read more)
- 42. J. Appl. Phys. 97, 23909 (2005) , “Electron spin resonance study of Zn-codoping effect on the local structure of the Er-related centers in GaAs:Er,O”, Makoto Yoshida, Kensaku Hiraka, Hitoshi Ohta, Yasufumi Fujiwara, Atsushi Koizumi, Yoshikazu TakedaElectron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of Zn-codoped GaAs:Er,O grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy have been performed at 9.49 GHz. Several anisotropic ESR signals (named as A, B, and C) are observed. The angular and temperature dependences of the A, B, and C signals are quite... (Read more)
- 43. Phys. Rev. B 72, 115205 (2005) , “Defect identification in the AsGa family in GaAs”, H. Overhof and J.-M. SpaethAb initio total-energy calculations are presented for intrinsic defects in GaAs with a particular emphasis on hyperfine interactions in order to clarify the atomic structure of the various AsGa-related defects. For the AsGa-X2 defect complex the... (Read more)
- 44. Semiconductors 39, 493 (2005) , “Magnetic Ordering Effects in Heavily Doped GaAs:Fe Crystals”, B. P. Popov, V. K. Sobolevski?, E. G. Apushkinski?, V. P. Savel'evThe exchange coupling of Fe centers in GaAs crystals is studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). Transitions to a superparamagnetic state and to an impurity ferromagnetism domain are analyzed. A study of a system of single-domain magnetically ordered regions in GaAs:Fe with the transition to a ferromagnetic state occurring at the temperature T C1 = 460 K is described. It is shown that impurity ferromagnetism with a transition temperature T C2 of 60 K in a disordered system of Fe centers randomly distributed among superparamagnetic regions exists in GaAs:Fe. (Read more)
- 45. J. Appl. Phys. 96, 4189 (2004) , “Electron spin resonance study of GaAs:Er,O grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy”, Makoto Yoshida, Kensaku Hiraka, Hitoshi Ohta, Yasufumi Fujiwara, Atsushi Koizumi, Yoshikazu TakedaElectron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of GaAs:Er,O grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy have been performed at 9.49 GHz from 4.5 to 13 K. Several anisotropic ESR signals (A, B, C, and D) are observed, which is consistent with the previous reports. We... (Read more)
- 46. Physica E 21, 928-932 (2004) , “Electron spin resonance and nuclear spin pumping in 2DEG quantum Hall system”, S. Teraoka , A. Numata , S. Amaha , K. Ono , S. TaruchaWe prepare a microwave electron spin resource (ESR) cavity for detecting a response from a 2DEG in an n-AlGaAs/GaAs. The response is obtained as a change in the longitudinal resistance (Δρxx) in v=3 quantum Hall region, particularly as a peak in Δρxx for resonance. We use the data of ESR to evaluate the g-factor and the lower bound for dephasing time. The resonance magnetic field suffers from nuclear spin effects via the hyperfine coupling, resulting in the ESR peak shift. We find the ESR peak shift or Overhauser shift decays with two time constants, suggesting the existence of two different origins for the relaxation. (Read more)
- 47. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 4781 (2004) , “W-band Fabry–Pérot microwave reasonators for optical detected electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double resonance of paramagnetic defects in solids”, I. Tkach, U. Rogulis, S. Greulich-Weber, and J.-M. SpaethThe designs of W-band (~95 GHz) FabryPérot microwave resonators for optically detected electron paramagnetic resonance (ODEPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ODENDOR) as well as the ODEPR/ODENDOR spectrometer are described. The FabryPérot resonator was... (Read more)
- 48. J. Appl. Phys. 94, 3115 (2003) , American Institute of Physics , “Characteristics of deep levels associated with rhodium impurity in n-type GaAs”, M. Zafar Iqbal, A. Majid, Shah Haidar Khan, Akbar Ali, Nasim Zafar, A. Dadgar and D. Bimberg.,Deep levels have been characterized in n-type GaAs crystalline films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, doped in situ with 4d transition metal, rhodium, using the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique. Two prominent broad bands of deep levels are found... (Read more)
- 49. Phys. Rev. B 68, 193204 (2003) , “Arsenic-antisite defect in GaAs: Multiplicity of charge and spin states”, D. J. ChadiWe find that the As-antisite defect in GaAs which is the source of the stable EL2 and metastable EL2* centers can exist in at least eight different combinations of charge and structural states, twice as many as currently envisaged. In particular, results from first-principles... (Read more)
- 50. Phys. Rev. B 67, 33301 (2003) , “Electron spin coherence in semiconductors: Considerations for a spin-based solid-state quantum computer architecture”, Rogerio de Sousa and S. Das SarmaWe theoretically consider coherence times for spins in two quantum computer architectures, where the qubit is the spin of an electron bound to a P donor impurity in Si or within a GaAs quantum dot. We show that low-temperature decoherence is dominated by spin-spin interactions, through spectral... (Read more)
- 51. Phys. Rev. B 67, 165325 (2003) , “Temperature dependence and mechanism of electrically detected ESR at the v=1 filling factor of a two-dimensional electron system”, Eugene Olshanetsky, Joshua D. Caldwell, Manyam Pilla, Shu-chen Liu, Clifford R. Bowers, Jerry A. Simmons, John L. RenoElectrically detected electron spin resonance (EDESR) signals were acquired as a function of temperature in the 0.34.2 K temperature range in an AlGaAs/GaAs multiple-quantum-well sample at the = 1 filling factor at 5.7 T. In the particular sample studied, the linewidth is approximately... (Read more)
- 52. Physica B 340, 362 (2003) , Elsevier , “Deep levels in rhodium-doped p-type MOCVD GaAs ”, A. Majid, M. Zafar Iqbal, A. Dadgar, D. Bimbergp-type GaAs epilayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique, doped in situ with rhodium (Rh) impurity, have been studied by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). A composite peak consisting of emission signals from at least two deep levels in the lower-half band gap is identified with Rh. This peak is resolved using double-correlation DLTS (DDLTS) measurements, providing the clear energy positions of the Rh-related deep levels as Ev+0.35 eV and Ev+0.51 eV. Emission rate signatures and other parameters are reported for these deep levels. They are observed to show electric-field dependent emission signatures. No significant minority carrier (electron) deep level could be clearly identified with Rh due to the presence of significant inadvertent features in the injection DLTS spectrum. Results are compared with our earlier study of Rh-doped, n-type, MOCVD GaAs. (Read more)
- 53. Physica B 340, 358 (2003) , “Osmium related deep levels in n-type GaAs ”, M. Zafar Iqbal, A. Majid, A. Dadgar, D. BimbergDeep levels due to 5d transition metal, osmium (Os), in n-type GaAs epitaxial layers grown by metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy are investigated using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Two clear and prominent peaks are observed in majority carrier (electron) emission spectra in GaAs:Os samples in addition to a weaker, broad feature at higher temperatures, which are absent in the Os-free, reference samples. The well-resolved, prominent peaks are attributed to deep levels associated with Os impurity having activation energies Ec−0.28 eV and Ec−0.41 eV at a junction electric field of not, vert, similar1.4×105 V/cm. Both of these peaks are found to be field dependent. Detailed data on emission rate signatures, apparent electron capture cross-sections and defect concentrations are reported for these levels. No Os-related deep level peaks could be clearly delineated in minority-carrier injection DLTS, at this stage, although some evidence is found for a low-energy deep level band. (Read more)
- 54. Physica E 17, 320-321 (2003) , “Temperature dependence of electrically detected ESR at filling factor ν=1 in a 2DEG”, Eugene Olshanetsky, Manyam Pilla, Joshua D. Caldwell, Clifford R. Bowers, Jerry A. Simmons and John L. RenoElectrically detected electron spin resonance (ESR) was measured as a function of temperature for 0.3–4.2 K in a AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well sample at filling factor ν=1. The ESR amplitude exhibits a maximum at about 2.2 K and vanishes with increased or decreased temperature. To... (Read more)
- 55. Polyhedron 22, 225-233 (2003) , “Study on guanidino–carboxylate interactions in copper(II) ternary complexes of guanidinoacetic acid with glutamic and aspartic acids”, Jussara Lopes de Miranda and Judith FelcmanThe possibility of occurrence of biological relevant guanidino–carboxylate interactions was investigated in ternary systems involving guanidinoacetic (Gaa) and glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp) or glycine (Gly). The study was done in solution using potentiometry, ultraviolet visible... (Read more)
- 56. Semiconductors 37, 918 (2003) , “The Relaxation of the Neutral State of Manganese in Gallium Arsenide”, V. F. Masterov, K. F. Shtel'makh, V. P. Maslov, S. B. Mikhrin, B. E. SamorukovResults of investigations of the longitudinal magnetic relaxation of the neutral state of the Mn0 center in GaAs are presented. Relaxation mechanisms were determined from the broadening of the electron-spinresonance line in the temperature range of 3.4–8.2 K and from the variation in the nuclear relaxation rate in the range of 36–310 K. The nuclear relaxation investigation demonstrates that the electron relaxation is governed by the interaction between lattice vibrations and local vibrations of the center. This allows one to represent the electron relaxation at low temperatures as the consequence of anharmonicity of local vibrations of the electron dipole moment of the Mn0 center. (Read more)
- 57. Semiconductors 37, 872 (2003) , “ESR of Interacting Manganese Centers in Gallium Arsenide”, K. F. Shtel'makh, M. P. Korobkov, I. G. OzerovESR of Mn-doped GaAs is studied. The results indicate the presence of an interstitial impurity state in GaAs:Mn which is involved in the Coulomb interaction with the substitutional Mn states. Analysis of the temperature variations of ESR spectra and the values of the g factor shows that the interstitial center has a d5 electron configuration. The substitutional Mn create a strong random crystal field at the interstitial Mn ion. The results can be explained by assuming the existence of a nonzero dipole moment in the neutral state of Mn. (Read more)
- 58. Phys. Rev. B 66, 45201 (2002) , “Single ion anisotropy of Mn-doped GaAs measured by electron paramagnetic resonance”, O. M. Fedorych, E. M. Hankiewicz, Z. Wilamowski, J. SadowskiAn electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) study of molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown Mn-doped GaAs is presented. The resolved fine structure in insulating Ga1-xMnxAs allows us to evaluate the crystal-field parameters of the spin Hamiltonian. The exchange narrowing of the structure,... (Read more)
- 59. Phys. Rev. B 64, 41307 (2001) , “Gate-controlled electron spin resonance in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures”, H. W. Jiang, Eli YablonovitchThe electron spin resonance (ESR) of two-dimensional electrons is investigated in a gated GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. We found that the ESR resonance frequency can be tuned by means of a gate voltage. The front and back gates of the heterostructure produce opposite g-factor shift, suggesting that... (Read more)
- 60. Phys. Rev. B 64, 201308 (2001) , “Magnetic-field pinning of a dynamic electron-spin-resonance line in a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterostructure”, Chris Hillman, H. W. JiangElectrically detected electron spin resonance (ESR) is used to study the hyperfine interaction of the two-dimensional electrons and the nuclei of the host lattice in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Under microwave and radio-frequency double excitations, we have observed that the ESR line can be... (Read more)
- 61. Physica B 308, 816 (2001) , Elsevier Science , “Rhodium-related deep levels in n-type MOCVD GaAs ”, M. Zafar Iqbal, A. Majid, S. Haidar Khan, Akbar Ali, Nasim Zafar, A. Dadgar and D. BimbergPreliminary results on the study of deep levels associated with 4d-transition metal, rhodium, in crystalline GaAs grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique are reported for the first time. Deep level transient spectroscopy on n-type GaAs doped in situ with Rh during MOCVD growth reveals a broad majority carrier emission peak. The peak corresponds to a band of deep levels extending over the energy range 0.57–0.65 eV below the conduction band edge with lower-energy states having lower electron capture cross-sections. The deep levels show a pronounced dependence of electron emission rate on the junction electric field. Minority carrier (hole) emission spectra at zero bias show a pronounced Rh-related deep-level peak with a low-temperature shoulder. The dominant level in the lower half-gap is found to have a position Ev+0.44 eV, with a field-dependent emission rate signature. (Read more)
- 62. Physica B 308-310, 753-756 (2001) , “On the problem of the EL2 structure in semi-insulating GaAs: high-frequency ODEPR/ODENDOR measurements in W-band”, I. Tkach, K. Krambrock and J. -M. SpaethFor almost two decades the structure model of the EL2 defect in semi-insulating (SI) GaAs has been controversially discussed. Neither the isolated AsGa with Td symmetry, nor the AsGa–Asi pair model nor any other AsGa-related defect model could be unambiguously established. The reason was that... (Read more)
- 63. Physica B 308-310, 749-752 (2001) , “Magneto-optical and ODEPR investigations of native defects in substrate-free LT-MBE grown GaAs”, I. Tkach, K. Krambrock, C. Steen, P. Kiesel and J. -M. SpaethAs-grown substrate-free LT-GaAs (200°C) and annealed samples (up to 660°C) have been investigated with magnetic circular dichroism of absorption (MCDA) and optically detected electron paramagnetic resonance (MCDA-EPR) in K- and W-bands. MCDA-EPR spectra of all samples reveal several... (Read more)
- 64. Physica B 294-295, 298-301 (2001) , “High field magnetoresistance and ESR measurements on Ni stripes on GaAs substrate”, A. Matsuo, M. Taki, S. A. Haque, Y. Yamamoto, T. Kikutani, S. Yamada, H. Nojiri, M. Motokawa and H. HoriNi nanowires fabricated on a GaAs substrate, which have width narrower than 500 nm and thickness 50 nm, showed an antiferromagnetic-like domain structure. Many Ni nanowires fabricated on GaAs using the electron beam lithography technique have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR). Splitting... (Read more)
- 65. Physica E 10, 57-61 (2001) , “Millimeter wave and DC investigations of spin effects in the 2DES of AlGaAs/GaAs”, R. Meisels, K. Dybko, F. Ziouzia, F. Kuchar, R. Deutschmann, G. Abstreiter, G. Hein and K. PierzThe spin properties of the 2DES in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures are studied via the electron spin resonance (ESR) of conduction electrons and via the temperature dependence of the DC-σxx(B) conductivity component. The ESR is investigated at integer (ν=1) and fractional filling factors... (Read more)
- 66. Physica E 10, 399-402 (2001) , “Codoping effect of O2 into Er-doped InP epitaxial layers grown by OMVPE”, H. Ohta, C. Urakawa, Y. Nakashima, J. Yoshikawa, T. Koide, T. Kawamoto, Y. Fujiwara , Y. TakedaThe temperature dependence of ESR in InP:Er and the O2 codoping effect in InP:Er have been studied by X-band ESR measurement at low temperature. The ESR at around g=6, which corresponds to Er3+ site with Td symmetry, lost it's intensity quickly as the temperature is increased and disappeared above... (Read more)
- 67. Physica E 10, 395-398 (2001) , “ESR study of GaAs:Er codoped with oxygen grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy”, J. Yoshikawa, C. Urakawa, H. Ohta, T. Koide, T. Kawamoto, Y. Fujiwara and Y. TakedaX-band ESR measurements of GaAs:Er grown at 543°C by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) with and without an additional O2 flow (samples I and II, respectively) have been performed at 3.5 K. Sample I shows an isotropic ESR signal around g=6 together with several anisotropic ESR signals... (Read more)
- 68. Physica E 10, 175-180 (2001) , “Monitoring the sign reversal of the valence band exchange integral in (Ga,Mn)As”, W. Heimbrodt, Th. Hartmann, P. J. Klar, M. Lampalzer, W. Stolz, K. Volz, A. Schaper, W. Treutmann, H. -A. Krug von Nidda, A. Loidl, T. Ruf and V. F. SapegaWe report the successful growth of magnetic Ga1−xMnxAs layers on (1 0 0) GaAs substrates by metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy. Depending on the growth parameters, two different magnetic phases of Ga1−xMnxAs can be grown. (i) At low Mn-concentrations, Ga1−xMnxAs alloys are... (Read more)
- 69. Phys. Rev. B 61, 5637 (2000) , “Electron spin resonance of the two-dimensional electron system in AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs at subunity filling factors”, R. Meisels, I. Kulac, F. Kuchar, M. KriechbaumThe electron spin resonance (ESR) of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs in the regime of fractional filling (ν<1) of the lowest Landau level is investigated by a photoconductivity technique at millimeter wave frequencies. By performing the experiments... (Read more)
- 70. Physica B 291, 270-274 (2000) , “An investigation of the optical spectra and EPR parameters of vanadium in III–V semiconductors (GaAs, GaP, InP)”, Jia-Jun Chen and Mao-Lu DuAs there is strong covalence in III–V semiconductors, the effect of the difference between the t2g orbit and eg orbit must be considered in their electric structure. In this paper we present a modified Sugano–Tanabe scheme and give the energy matrix of the d2 system and the g-factor... (Read more)
- 71. Physica E 6, 798-801 (2000) , “An experimental and theoretical study of the electron spin resonance mechanism in AlGaAs/GaAs”, R. Meisels, F. Kuchar and M. KriechbaumThe electron spin resonance (ESR) of the 2DES in AlGaAs/GaAs is investigated at millimeterwave frequencies and is shown to be dominantly a magnetic dipole transition. Strain-induced contributions to the electric dipole transition rate can be neglected. The origin of the change of the resistance due... (Read more)
- 72. J. Magn. Reson. 136, 207-210 (1999) , “A Cryogenically Coolable Microwave Limiter”, George A. Rinard, Richard W. Quine , Gareth R. EatonA microwave (ca. 3 GHz) limiter, constructed using a GaAs PIN diode and microstrip impedance transformation circuit, limited 300-ns long 11-W microwave pulses to 70 mW at ca. 4.2 K. This limiter was implemented in a pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer to protect a low-noise microwave preamplifier from the high-power pulses. (Read more)
- 73. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1939-1944 (1999) , “Role of the EL2 Center on the Formation of Metastable Hydrogen-related Defects (M3/M4) in n-GaAs”, T. Shinagawa, T. OkumuraHydrogen-related metastable defects (M3/M4) in n-GaAs were studied in relation to the EL2 center. We found that the M3/M4 defects were observed only in the crystals containing the EL2 center in the as-grown state after exposure to a hydrogen plasma. The EL3 level, which was tentatively assigned as... (Read more)
- 74. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 573, 107 (1999) , “ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL STUDY OF CHARGE TRAPS AT PASSIVATED GaAs SURFACES”, Y. Mochizuki
- 75. Phys. Rev. B 60, 8304 (1999) , “Mn impurity in Ga1-xMnxAs epilayers”, J. Szczytko, A. Twardowski, K. ?wi?tek, M. Palczewska, M. Tanaka, T. Hayashi, K. AndoElectron paramagnetic resonance was measured in Ga1-xMnxAs/GaAs epilayers with 0.002<~x<~0.01. Data were taken as a function of magnetic field orientation at low temperatures. The observed spectra were attributed to ionized Mn acceptor A-. No neutral Mn... (Read more)
- 76. Physica B 273-274, 7-14 (1999) , “Self-interstitials in semiconductors: what we are learning from interstitial Zn in ZnSe”, G. D. Watkins , K. H. ChowInterstitial Zn+i has been observed in ZnSe by optical detection of EPR to be on-center in either Td interstitial site – that surrounded by four Se atoms, (Zni)+Se, or by four Zn atoms, (Zni)+Zn. This can be understood by a simple universal model which predicts stability for an interstitial... (Read more)
- 77. Solid State Commun. 110, 593-598 (1999) , “Generation of EL2 defects by a 6-MeV proton irradiation of semi-insulating GaAs”, S. A. Goodman, F. K. Koschnick, Ch. Weber, J. -M. Spaeth and F. D. AuretThe defects introduced in a bulk semi-insulating (SI) GaAs by a 6-MeV proton irradiation at 300 K were investigated with the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detected via the magnetic circular dichroism of the optical absorption. EL2 defects (EL20 and EL2+) are introduced by proton irradiation... (Read more)
- 78. J. Appl. Phys. 84, 6782 (1998) , “Electron spin resonance of Er–oxygen complexes in GaAs grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition”, T. Ishiyama, E. Katayama, K. Murakami, K. Takahei, A. TaguchiWe have performed electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on Er-doped GaAs grown with oxygen codoping by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. An isotropic line (an effective g value, g = 5.95) which had been already reported was observed in samples without oxygen codoping. On... (Read more)
- 79. Phys. Rev. B 58, 7707 (1998) , “Optically detected magnetic resonance study of an arsenic-antisite–arsenic-vacancy complex in GaAs”, F. K. Koschnick, K.-H. Wietzke, and J.-M. SpaethAn arsenic-antisite-related defect produced in n-type GaAs by 2 MeV electron irradiation was investigated using magnetic circular dichroism of the optical absorption (MCDA), MCDA-detected electron paramagnetic resonance (MCDA-EPR), and MCDA-detected electron-nuclear double resonance (MCDA-ENDOR). In... (Read more)
- 80. J. Cryst. Growth 174, 751-756 (1997) , “Investigation of the interfacial quality and the influence of different substrates in ZnSe homoepitaxy”, H. Wenisch, T. Behr, J. Kreissl, K. Schll, D. Siche, H. Hartmann , D. HommelZnSe substrates grown by the seeded chemical vapour transport and recrystallization as well as by the Bridgman method are compared for their use in molecular beam epitaxy. Intrinsic and extrinsic defects were analysed by low-temperature photoluminescence and especially by... (Read more)
- 81. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 395, 76-80 (1997) , “Optical deep-level transient characterisation of gamma-irradiated semi-insulating gallium arsenide”, Say Teng Lai, Dimitri Alexiev, Claude Schwab , Ian DonnellyA unique optical deep-level transient conductance spectroscopy (ODLTCS) technique has been employed for studying undoped semi-insulating (SI) GaAs material. In the undoped SI GaAs, the Fermi-level first shifts towards gamma irradiation of the conduction band at low γ fluence and then towards... (Read more)
- 82. Phys. Rev. B 56, 7422 (1997) , “High-field spin resonance of weakly bound electrons in GaAs”, M. Seck, M. Potemski, and P. WyderElectron spin resonance (ESR) of shallow donor electrons in n-type GaAs has been observed by means of direct detection of microwave absorption at magnetic fields of 6–11 T. The ESR structure is smeared out over a magnetic field range of up to 1 T. The line shape is strongly asymmetric and depends... (Read more)
- 83. Phys. Rev. B 56, 10221 (1997) , “Optically detected electron-paramagnetic-resonance investigations of the substitutional oxygen defect in gallium arsenide”, F. K. Koschnick, M. Linde, M. V. B. Pinheiro, and J.-M. SpaethThe substitutional oxygen defect in GaAs has been investigated with magnetic circular dichroism of the absorption, optically detected electron paramagnetic resonance, and optically detected electron-nuclear double resonance (ODENDOR). The ODENDOR spectra can be explained with an oxygen atom... (Read more)
- 84. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 2511 (1997) , “Sensitivity enhancement in magnetic circular dichroism of absorption-detected electron paramagnetic resonance with a mirror cavity”, F. K. KoschnickA mirror cavity was developed to improve the signal to noise (S/N) ratio of the measurement of the magnetic circular dichroism of the absorption (MCDA) and of the MCDA-detected electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In this cavity the measurement light beam passes through the sample several times... (Read more)
- 85. Solid State Commun. 102, 715-720 (1997) , “Nuclear spin relaxation in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures observed via optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) experiments”, M. Schreiner, H. Pascher, G. Denninger, S. A. Studenikin, G. Weimann and R. LöschThe resonant field at which an electron spin resonance (ESR) occurs may be shifted by an effective magnetic field, which is due to spin polarized nuclei. This shift, known as Overhausershift, is caused by the field of all polarized nuclei without respect to their isotopic number. Irradiation of the... (Read more)
- 86. Solid State Commun. 101, 219-223 (1997) , “Compensation center of Cr3+ in GaAs codoped with Cr and In for obtaining a semi-insulating property”, Y. J. Park, T. H. Yeom, I. -W. Park, S. H. Choh , S. -K. MinThe dependences of Cr2+ and Cr3+ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals as a function of Cr concentration have been investigated in conjunction with clarifying the atomic configuration for obtaining semi-insulating properties in a vertical gradient freeze (VGF)-GaAs single crystal codoped... (Read more)
- 87. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 42, 213-216 (1996) , “Investigation of deep-level defects in semi-insulating GaAs and InP by analysis of photo-induced current transients”, P. Kamiński, R. Ćwirko, M. Palczewska and R. KozłowskiA new digital approach to PICTS technique was applied to study deep levels in undoped SI GaAs and Fe-doped InP. For SI Fe-doped InP, the 0.64-eV trap related to Fe2 + /Fe3 + acceptor level as well as the 0.53-eV trap attributed to a native defect, were observed. For SI undoped GaAs, three traps: T1... (Read more)
- 88. Phys. Rev. B 54, 10508 (1996) , “Neutral manganese acceptor in GaP: An electron-paramagnetic-resonance study”, J. Kreissl, W. Ulrici, M. El-Metoui, A.-M. Vasson, A. Vasson, A. GavaixIn order to clarify the nature of the neutral Mn acceptor in GaP, we have carried out optical-absorption and electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) experiments using both conventional and thermally detected EPR on semi-insulating GaP:Mn. In thermal equilibrium at low temperatures, all the manganese... (Read more)
- 89. Proc. SPIE 2780, 133-136 (1996) , “Digital analysis of photo-induced current transients in semi-insulating GaAs and InP”, Pawel Kaminski, Michal Pawlowski, Robert Cwirko, M. Palczewska, Roman KozlowskiDigital PITS technique was applied to study deep-level defects in semi-insulating GaAs and InP. The studies were completed by measurements of ESR spectra on the same wafers.... (Read more)
- 90. Prog. Surf. Sci. 51, 263-408 (1996) , “Scanning tunneling microscopy study of fullerenes”, T. Sakurai, X. -D. Wang, Q. K. Xue, Y. Hasegawa, T. Hashizume and H. ShinoharaScanning tunneling microscopy investigations of adsorption and film growth of various fullerenes on semiconductor and metal surfaces are reviewed. The fullerenes being studied are C60, C70, C84, Sc@C82 and Y@C82 and the substrates being used for adsorption are Si (111), Si (100), Ge (111), GaAs... (Read more)
- 91. Semiconductors 30, 552 (1996) , “Anomalous excitation in the ESR spectrum of the Fe3+ ion in GaAs”, A. A. Ezhevski?, S. J. H. M. van Gisbergen, C. A. J. Ammerlaan
- 92. Surf. Sci. 361-362, 55-58 (1996) , “Electron spin resonance in AlGaAs/GaAs in the regime of fractional filling”, R. Meisels, I. Kulac, G. Sundaram, F. Kuchar, B. D. McCombe, G. Weimann , W. SchlappWe have studied the electron spin resonance (ESR) at millimeterwave frequencies in high mobility AlGaAs/GaAs samples for the first time at filling factors v < 1 outside the v = 1 resistance minimum. The magnetic field dependence of the ESR measured at T = 1.6 K agrees with the calculations made... (Read more)
- 93. J. Appl. Phys. 78, 2411 (1995) , “Native defects in low-temperature GaAs and the effect of hydrogenation”, R. E. Pritchard, S. A. McQuaid, L. Hart, R. C. Newman, J. Mkinen, H. J. von Bardeleben, M. MissousA range of experimental techniques has been used to measure point defect concentrations in GaAs layers grown at low temperatures (250 °C) by molecular-beam epitaxy (LT-GaAs). The effects of doping on these concentrations has been investigated by studying samples containing shallow acceptors (Be)... (Read more)
- 94. Phys. Rev. B 51, 11117 (1995) , “Optical cross section for the EL2?EL2* metastable transformation”, N. Radić and B. ŠantićA simple and accurate method for the determination of the σ* optical cross section governing the EL2→EL2* transformation kinetics in GaAs is proposed. Previously reported σ* values are critically examined and corrected properly. The obtained absolute values of... (Read more)
- 95. Physica B 211, 23-29 (1995) , “Solid state experiments in megagauss fields”, N. Miura, H. Nojiri, Y. Shimamoto and Y. ImanakaThis paper presents a brief review on recent experiments of solid state physics in very high magnetic fields up to 550 T produced by electromagnetic flux compression and the single-turn coil technique, focusing on magneto-optical spectroscopy in semiconductors, low-dimensional magnetic systems and... (Read more)
- 96. J. Appl. Phys. 75, 7559 (1994) , “Observation of Cr3 + electron paramagnetic resonance center in GaAs co-doped with Cr and In”, Young Ju Park, Tae Ho Yeom, Suk-Ki Min, Il-Woo Park, Sung Ho ChohWe have observed a well-defined Cr3 + (3d3) electron paramagnetic resonance signal at 4 K in vertical gradient freeze semi-insulating GaAs single crystal through a co-doping with Cr and In. On the basis of analyzing the rotation pattern of the Cr3 + center,... (Read more)
- 97. Phys. Rev. B 50, 5189 (1994) , “Theoretical investigation of the dynamic process of the illumination of GaAs”, Ren Guang-bao, Wang Zhan-guo, Xu Bo, Zhou BingThe dynamic process of light illumination of GaAs is studied numerically in this paper to understand the photoquenching characteristics of the material. This peculiar behavior of GaAs is usually ascribed to the existence of EL2 states and their photodriven metastable states. To understand the... (Read more)
- 98. Phys. Rev. B 50, 2645 (1994) , “Magnetic-resonance studies of tellurium-doped AlxGa1xAs”, M. Surma, Z. ?ytkiewicz, K. Fronc, M. Godlewski, P. Stallinga, B. MonemarAn ESR study performed on a thick AlxGa1-xAs epilayer with removed GaAs substrate is presented. The measurements were performed on LPEE-grown AlxGa1-xAs (x=0.41) heavily doped with Te. The detailed photo-ESR investigations of the light-induced conversion... (Read more)
- 99. Phys. Rev. B 50, 2645 (1994) , “Magnetic-rasonance studies of tellurium-doped AlxGa1-xAs”, M. Surma, Z. ?ytkiewicz, K. Fronc, M. Godlewski, P. Stallinga, B. MonemarAn ESR study performed on a thick AlxGa1-xAs epilayer with removed GaAs substrate is presented. The measurements were performed on LPEE-grown AlxGa1-xAs (x=0.41) heavily doped with Te. The detailed photo-ESR investigations of the light-induced conversion... (Read more)
- 100. Phys. Rev. B 49, 10999 (1994) , “Ligand ENDOR on substitutional manganese in GaAs”, S. J. C. H. M. van Gisbergen, A. A. Ezhevskii, N. T. Son, T. Gregorkiewicz, and C. A. J. AmmerlaanIn this paper Ga ligand electron-nuclear double resonance measurements are reported on the substitutional Mn2+ center in GaAs. On the basis of these experiments it is concluded that the Mn2+ center is substitutional on a Ga site. From the electron paramagnetic resonance... (Read more)
- 101. Colloids and Surf. A 72, 161-164 (1993) , “Study of a paramagnetic center on an SiO-treated GaAs surface”, G. J. Gerardi, F. C. Rong, E. H. Poindexter, M. Harmatz, H. Shen , W. L. WarrenWe have observed enhanced photoluminescence and an isotropic, singlet electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal from samples of SI c-GaAs as a result of a thermal annealing treatment with SiO under vacuum. The treated samples showed a tenfold increase in photoluminescence. The EPR signal was... (Read more)
- 102. Phys. Lett. A 178, 205-208 (1993) , “A new ESR signal of intrinsic defects in electron-irradiated p-type GaAs”, Y. Q. JiaH. J. von BardelebenElectron spin resonance studies of p-type ([Zn] = 7 × 1017 cm−3) GaAs irradiated by 1.5 MeV electrons reveal a new signal at g = 1.99. The ratio of spin concentration to electron dose is determined as 3 cm−1, the highest among those reported in electron- irradiated GaAs. We... (Read more)
- 103. Phys. Rev. B 48, 4437 (1993) , “Identification of the BiGa heteroantisite defect in GaAs:Bi”, M. Kunzer, W. Jost, U. Kaufmann, H. M. Hobgood, R. N. ThomasGaAs lightly doped with the heaviest group-V atom, bismuth (Bi), has been studied by conventional electron-spin resonance (ESR) and by ESR detected via the magnetic-circular-dichroism (MCD) absorption. A new Bi-related sharp-line MCD band has been observed on which two MCD-ESR lines have been... (Read more)
- 104. Phys. Rev. B 47, 3987 (1993) , “Evidence for an anti-structure-pair in GaAs generated by electron irradiation at room temperature obtained from optically detected electron-nuclear double resonance”, K. Krambrock and J.-M. SpaethThe microscopic structure of a paramagnetic arsenic antisite-related defect in GaAs electron irradiated at room temperature has been studied using optically detected electron-nuclear double resonance (ODENDOR). In addition to the ODENDOR lines of the nearest and next-nearest As ligands those of a Ga... (Read more)
- 105. Solid State Commun. 88, 887-889 (1993) , “Submillimeter EPR evidence for the As antisite defect in GaAs”, R. J. Wagner, J. J. Krebs and G. H. StaussA. M. WhiteA new EPR spectrum has been observed in semi-insulating GaAs with a sub- millimeter laser magnetic resonance spectrometer. The spectrum is isotropic with g= 2.04 ± 0.01 at v=11.236cm-1. The hyperfine interaction parameter |A| (I=3/2) is 0.090 ± 0.001 cm-1.The spectrum is attributed to the As antisite defect in GaAs and the parameters are compatible with the P antisite defect in GaP. (Read more)
- 106. Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 718 (1992) , “Optically detected electron paramagnetic resonance of arsenic antisites in low-temperature GaAs layers”, H.-J. Sun, G. D. Watkins, F. C. Rong, L. Fotiadis, E. H. PoindexterArsenic antisites in GaAs layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at low substrate temperatures (~200 °C) were observed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic circular dichroism in absorption (MCDA), and MCDA-detected EPR. This observation confirms that there is a MCDA band... (Read more)
- 107. J. Appl. Phys. 71, 4615 (1992) , “Paramagnetic defects in neutron-irradiated GaP”, T. Benchiguer, A. Goltzené, B. Mari, and C. SchwabAiming at a better understanding of intrinsic defects in III-V compounds, we reinvestigate fast-neutron-irradiated GaP. The surprising result is the observation of a similar spectrum, formerly ascribed to Asi-related defects in GaAs. Annealing experiments suggest this spectrum... (Read more)
- 108. Phys. Rev. B 45, 5933 (1992) , “Magnetic circular dichroism of the DX center in Al0.35Ga0.65As:Te”, R. E. Peale, Y. Mochizuki, H. Sun, G. D. WatkinsMagneto-optical absorption spectra of 0.4-mm-thick, single-crystal Al0.35Ga0.65As:Te give evidence for two bleachable absorbers, one of which is identified as the DX center. The bleached-state absorption coefficient and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), measured from 0.66 to... (Read more)
- 109. Phys. Rev. B 45, 4122 (1992) , “First-principles study of fully relaxed vacancies in GaAs”, K. Laasonen, R. M. Nieminen, and M. J. PuskaThe structural and electronic properties of vacancies in GaAs have been studied using ab initio molecular dynamics. The atomic structures of vacancies in different charge states have been optimized by using a simulated-annealing procedure. The neighbor-atom relaxations are modest for neutral, singly... (Read more)
- 110. Phys. Rev. B 45, 3372 (1992) , “Electron-paramagnetic-resonance study of GaAs grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy”, H. J. von Bardeleben, M. O. Manasreh, D. C. Look, K. R. Evans, C. E. StutzElectron-paramagnetic-resonance results demonstrate an arsenic-antisite related deep donor defect to be the dominant native defect in GaAs layers grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy (LTMBE). This defect is different from the EL2-related native arsenic-antisite defect. The... (Read more)
- 111. Phys. Rev. B 45, 3349 (1992) , “Magnetic circular dichroism and optical detection of electron paramagnetic resonance of the SbGa heteroantisite defect in GaAs:Sb”, P. Omling, D. M. Hofmann, M. Kunzer, M. Baeumler, U. KaufmannIn an investigation of GaAs doped with Sb to a concentration of ≊1×1019 cm-3, the electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) signal of the SbGa heteroantisite defect has been optically detected by monitoring the microwave-induced changes in the... (Read more)
- 112. Phys. Rev. B 45, 1645 (1992) , “Electron-paramagnetic-resonance observation of gallium vacancy in electron-irradiated p-type GaAs”, Y. Q. Jia, H. J. von Bardeleben, D. Stievenard, C. DelerueWe report an observation by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of the gallium vacancy defect in GaAs. The defect is observed after electron irradiation of p-type GaAs. The gallium vacancy defect shows trigonal symmetry; its spin-Hamiltonian parameters are determined as S=1/2,... (Read more)
- 113. Phys. Rev. B 45, 13745 (1992) , “Validity of the broken-bond model for the DX center in GaAs”, Mineo Saito, Atsushi Oshiyama, Osamu SuginoThe validity of the broken-bond model for the DX center is examined by performing supercell calculations within the local-density approximation for column-IV donors in GaAs. We confirm that the broken-bond geometry is the most stable among the atomic structures accompanied with large lattice... (Read more)
- 114. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1582 (1992) , “Breathing-Mode Relaxation Associated with Electron Emission and Capture Processes of EL2 in GaAs”, G. A. Samara, D. W. Vook, J. F. GibbonsAnalysis of the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the electronic emission and capture properties of the (0/+) and (+/++) deep levels of the EL2 defect in GaAs leads to the following conclusions: (1) Both levels move higher in the band gap with pressure; (2) relatively large inward (outward) lattice... (Read more)
- 115. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5742 (1992) , “Sensitive electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for studying defects in semiconductors”, H. E. Altink, T. Gregorkiewicz, and C. A. J. AmmerlaanThe construction of a state-of-the-art electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer for application to the studies of defects in semiconductors is described. The spectrometer is of superheterodyne type with low-frequency modulation of the magnetic field and working in dispersion. The use of a... (Read more)
- 116. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 4251 (1992) , “Saturation recovery electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer”, Richard W. Quine, Sandra S. Eaton, and Gareth R. EatonA versatile saturation recovery accessory based on a small, special-purpose timing controller and an efficient mix of coaxial and waveguide microwave components has been added to a commercial electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer. The spectrometer was designed for study of the spin... (Read more)
- 117. Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 2281 (1991) , “Electron-paramagnetic-resonance study of the isolated arsenic antisite in electron irradiated GaAs and its relation to the EL2 center”, F. C. Rong, W. R. Buchwald, M. Harmatz, E. H. Poindexter, W. L. WarrenArsenic antisites produced in GaAs by room-temperature electron irradiation (RTEI) are examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). For the first time, this RTEI antisite, which has been believed to be the isolated antisite, is found to be metastable. The most efficient photon energy for... (Read more)
- 118. Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 502 (1991) , “Photoluminescence and magnetic resonance studies of Er3 + in MeV ion-implanted GaAs”, P. B. Klein, F. G. Moore, and H. B. DietrichThe effects of post-implantation annealing have been studied in MeV Er-implanted GaAs by monitoring the Er3 + electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal as well as the Er3 + and near-band-edge photoluminescence (PL) spectra as a function of the anneal temperature. Er3... (Read more)
- 119. Appl. Surf. Sci. 50, 277-280 (1991) , “Donor-acceptor charge transfers in bulk semi-insulating GaAs as revealed by photo-EPR”, T. Benchiguer, E. Christoffel, A. Goltzené, B. Mari, B. Meyer and C. SchwabWe have compared two different models which give account for the photoquenching behaviour of the As+Ga-related defects. The first model is based on the so-called metastability of the centre and the second one on an electrical charge transfer, resulting from the trapping of the photo-generated... (Read more)
- 120. Appl. Surf. Sci. 50, 273-276 (1991) , “Interstitial Mn as a new donor in GaP and GaAs: an EPR study”, S. J. C. H. M. van Gisbergen, M. Godlewski, T. Gregorkiewicz , C. A. J. AmmerlaanWe report the observation of a new electron paramagnetic resonance centre in neutron-irradiated GaP and a similar new EPR centre in Mn-doped GaAs. Both centres have been identified as interstitial Mn and act as a donor. To our knowledge this is the first observation by EPR of an interstitial... (Read more)
- 121. Appl. Surf. Sci. 48-49, 478-482 (1991) , “ESR studies on luminescent ZnS:Mn films and CdS---ZnS:Mn superlattices deposited on a GaAs(100) substrate by hot-wall epitaxy”, Takato Nakamura, Yoji Takeuchi, Hitoshi Muramatsu , Hiroshi Fujiyasu , Yoichiro NakanishiLuminescent ZnS:Mn thin films and CdS---ZnS:Mn superlattices on a GaAs(100) substrate prepared by the hot-wall epitaxy technique have been examined by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. It was observed that the lowest energy transition assigned to M1 = −5/2 splits into... (Read more)
- 122. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 60, 3093 (1991) , “First Principle Calculation of the DX-CenterGround-States in GaAs, AlxGa1-xAs Alloysand AlAs/GaAs Superlattices”, Eiichi Yamaguchi, Kenji Shiraishi, Takahisa OhnoThe atomistic nature of the deep donor levels referred to as DX centers in GaAs, AlxGa1-xAs alloys and AlAs/GaAs superlattices is investigated by applying the ab initio self-consistent pseudopotential method to 64-atom super cells. The total energy and... (Read more)
- 123. Mater. Sci. Forum 83-87, 887 (1991) , “Defects in Semisonductors 16”, K. Krambrock, J.-M. Spaeth
- 124. Phys. Rev. B 44, 3012 (1991) , “Magnetic-resonance studies of interstitial Mn in GaP and GaAs”, S. J. C. H. M. van Gisbergen, M. Godlewski, T. Gregorkiewicz, and C. A. J. AmmerlaanWe report the observation of an additional electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) center in neutron-irradiated GaP. The center labeled as GaP-NL1 was further investigated with the electron-nuclear double-resonance technique. We also observed another, similar EPR center in GaAs doped with Mn, which we... (Read more)
- 125. Phys. Rev. B 44, 10525 (1991) , “Electronic structure and electron-paramagnetic-resonance properties of intrinsic defects in GaAs”, C. DelerueThe electronic structure of vacancies, antisites, self-interstitials, and some related complex defects in GaAs is calculated using a self-consistent semiempirical tight-binding technique. In particular, we give the electron densities on the various atoms to predict the... (Read more)
- 126. Phys. Rev. B 43, 14569 (1991) , “Kinetics of holes optically excited from the AsGa EL2 midgap level in semi-insulating GaAs”, G. Hendorfer and U. KaufmannElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used to study the growth of the dominant acceptor EPR signals FR1 and GR2 in undoped semi-insulating GaAs under illumination as well as their spontaneous intensity changes when the light is switched off. These studies locate the FR1 level at... (Read more)
- 127. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 112 (1991) , “Photoluminescence Studies of the EL2 Defect in Gallium Arsenide under External Perturbations”, M. K. Nissen, A. Villemaire, and M. L. W. ThewaltThe fine structure in the 0.61-eV photoluminescence band from the deep defect EL2 in semi-insulating GaAs has been studied under uniaxial stress and magnetic field. The results show no deviation from full Td symmetry and hence support the isolated-arsenic-antisite model of EL2.... (Read more)
- 128. Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 774 (1991) , “Local-vibrational-mode spectroscopy of DX centers in Si-doped GaAs under hydrostatic pressure”, J. A. Wolk, M. B. Kruger, J. N. Heyman, W. Walukiewicz, R. Jeanloz, E. E. HallerWe report the observation of a local vibrational mode (LVM) in hydrostatically stressed, Si-doped GaAs. The corresponding infrared absorption peak is distinct from the SiGa shallow-donor LVM peak and is assigned to the Si DX center. The relative intensities of the Si DX LVM and the Si... (Read more)
- 129. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 2969 (1991) , “Electron paramagnetic resonance Q-band bridge with GaAs field-effect transistor signal amplifier and low-noise Gunn diode oscillator”, James S. Hyde, M. E. Newton, Robert A. Strangeway, Theodore G. Camenisch, and W. FronciszA Varian Q-band E-110 microwave bridge for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been modified by addition of a low-phase noise Gunn diode oscillator of our own design, a low-noise GaAs field-effect transistor microwave signal amplifier, and a balanced mixer requiring high... (Read more)
- 130. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 6, B9 (1991) , “Comparison of three DX structural calculations presented at Thessaloniki”, G. A. BaraffThree structural calculations of the DX centre presented at Thessaloniki are of especial interest. Although they were carried out using nominally the same calculational apparatus, namely first-principles pseudopotentials, local density approximation, large unit cells etc, the three reached vastly... (Read more)
- 131. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 6, B70 (1991) , “Bistability, local symmetries and charge states of Sn-related donors in AlxGa1-xAs and GaAs under pressure studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy”, D. L. Williamson, P. GibartThe bistable character of Sn donors AlxGa1-xAs for x>0.2 or in GaAs under pressure >2.4 GPa has been studied by 119Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS). The shallow Sn donor state and the deep Sn DX state are observed to exist simultaneously and are readily... (Read more)
- 132. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 6, B111 (1991) , “Metastable defects in silicon: hints for DX and EL2?”, G. D. WatkinsA review is given of defects that display metastability in silicon, with emphasis on those that have been identified and the various mechanisms that they reveal for the phenomenon. Pair defects described include interstitial-iron-substitutional-group-III-acceptors and ones formed by interstitial... (Read more)
- 133. J. Appl. Phys. 67, R1 (1990) , “Deep donor levels (DX centers) in III-V semiconductors”, P. M. MooneyDX centers, deep levels associated with donors in III-V semiconductors, have been extensively studied, not only because of their peculiar and interesting properties, but also because an understanding of the physics of these deep levels is necessary in order to determine the usefulness... (Read more)
- 134. J. Cryst. Growth 102, 701-705 (1990) , “Influence of In-Doping on dislocations in Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) grown gallium arsenide”, J. Wu, P. G. Mo and G. Y. WangS. Benakki, E. Christoffel, A. Goltzene and C. SchwabJ. R. Wang and C. H. LeeIn this study, the dislocation distribution in In-doped GaAs crystals is investigated by KOH etching. EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) measurements are made on plastically deformed In-doped crystals. A mechanism for the elimination of dislocations by doping GaAs crystals with indium atoms is... (Read more)
- 135. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29, L388 (1990) , “Direct Evidence for the Negative-U Property of the DX Center as Studied by Hydrostatic Pressure Experiments on GaAs Simultaneously Doped with Ge and Si”, Toshimasa Fujisawa, Junji Yoshino, Hiroshi KukimotoDX centers in GaAs codoped with Ge and Si have been investigated under a hydrostatic pressure, where Ge acts as a DX center, and Si as a shallow donor. It is demonstrated that the number of electrons trapped by the Ge DX center at 22 kbar increases with Si concentration and tends to saturate at a... (Read more)
- 136. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29, L1572 (1990) , “Low-Temperature Static Magnetic Susceptibility of Al0.3Ga0.7As with DX Centers”, Shingo Katsumoto, Noriaki Matsunaga, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Katsuyuki Sugiyama, Shun-ichi KobayashiWe have measured the static magnetic susceptibility of Al0.3Ga0.7As doped with 1×1018 cm-3 Te from 20 mK to 1 K in order to study the electron ground state of the DX center. We observed Curie-law temperature dependence of the susceptibility which... (Read more)
- 137. Phys. Rev. B 42, 7174 (1990) , “Stability of DX centers in AlxGa1-xAs alloys ”, S. B. Zhang, D. J. ChadiThe band-gap dependence of the binding energy of Si-induced DX centers in AlxGa1-xAs alloys was determined from an ab initio total-energy approach. Band-structure modifications resulting from changes in alloy composition and hydrostatic pressure were examined. The... (Read more)
- 138. Phys. Rev. B 42, 3461 (1990) , “EPR evidence for As interstitial-related defects in semi-insulating GaAs”, E. Christoffel, T. Benchiguer, A. Goltzen, C. Schwab, Wang Guangyu, Wu JuWe report the analysis of the residual paramagnetic structure appearing in semi-insulating GaAs after microwave saturation of the AsGa-related spectrum and most intense after preliminary plastic deformation of the material. It is separable into two similar and correlated central hyperfine... (Read more)
- 139. Phys. Rev. B 42, 1500 (1990) , “Electron-paramagnetic-resonance study of the Te donor in Ga0.70Al0.30As”, H. J. von Bardeleben, M. Zazoui, S. Alaya, P. GibartWe report an electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) study of a group-VI donor in Ga1-xAlxAs (x=0.30). No EPR spectrum associated with the DX ground state could be detected. After photoexcitation with E?0.6 eV an EPR spectrum is observed, which is attributed to the... (Read more)
- 140. Phys. Rev. B 42, 11791 (1990) , “Donor states in GaAs under hydrostatic pressure”, X. Liu, L. Samuelson, M.-E. Pistol, M. Gerling, and S. NilssonSpectroscopic studies have been carried out for GaAs crystals under hydrostatic pressure, intended for the investigation of effective-mass donor levels associated with different conduction-band minima and the DX center. Our results reveal the existence of three donor states appearing in the band... (Read more)
- 141. Phys. Rev. B 41, 5283 (1990) , “Fine structure of excitons in type-II GaAs/AlAs quantum wells”, H. W. van Kesteren, E. C. Cosman, W. A. J. A. van der Poel, C. T. FoxonOptically detected magnetic resonance in zero field as well as in a finite magnetic field has been used to study the excitons in type-II GaAs/AlAs quantum wells. The spectra are analyzed using the appropriate spin Hamiltonian for the quasi-two-dimensional indirect excitons. The electron-hole... (Read more)
- 142. Phys. Rev. B 41, 10206 (1990) , “Strain splitting of the X-conduction-band valleys and quenching of spin-valley interaction in indirect GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs:Si heterostructures”, U. Kaufmann, W. Wilkening, P. M. Mooney, T. F. KuechWe report electron-paramagnetic-resonance results for the shallow effective-mass 1s(T2) state of the Si donor associated with the X valleys in indirect-band-gap (x≥0.4) AlxGa1-xAs:Si layers grown on GaAs. The data confirm definitely that the heteroepitaxial strain... (Read more)
- 143. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2046 (1990) , “Anion-Antisite-like Defects in III-V Compounds”, M. J. Caldas, J. Dabrowski, A. Fazzio, and M. SchefflerWe report ab initio calculations of total energies and electronic structures of P, As, and Sb donors in GaAs and InP. In the Td geometry, all these defects exhibit two donor states in the forbidden gap: an internal optical excitation energy of the order of 1 eV, and a Franck-Condon shift... (Read more)
- 144. Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1881 (1989) , “Structural properties of As-rich GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperatures”, M. Kaminska, Z. Liliental-Weber, E. R. Weber, T. George, J. B. Kortright, F. W. Smith, B-Y. Tsaur, A. R. CalawaGaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at substrate temperatures between 200 and 300 °C were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. High-resolution TEM cross-sectional images showed a high degree... (Read more)
- 145. Chin. Phys. 9, 976 (1989) , “Photoquenching of electronic paramagnetic resonance "AsGa" and metastable mechanism of EL2 defect in GaAs”, Zou Yuan-xi , Wang Guang-yu
- 146. J. Chem. Phys. 91, 69 (1989) , “Laser vaporization generation of 69Ga31P+ and 71Ga31P+ for neon matrix electron spin resonance studies: Electronic structure comparison with GaAs+ ”, Lon. B. Knight, Jr. and John O. HerlongThe 69GaP + and 71GaP + molecular ions have been generated by the combined methods of photoionization/laser vaporization for trapping in neon matrices at 4 K for electron spin resonance (ESR) investigation. The ground electronic state of GaP +... (Read more)
- 147. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 7, 710 (1989) , “Stoichiometry-related defects in GaAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at low temperatures”, M. Kaminska, E. R. Weber, Z. Liliental-Weber, R. Leon, Z. U. RekGaAs layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) at very low substrate temperatures have gained considerable interest as buffer layers for GaAs metalsemiconductor field effect transistors (MESFET's) due to high resistivity and excellent device isolation. However, the structure and the... (Read more)
- 148. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28, L891 (1989) , “The Local-Environment-Dependent DX Centers: Evidence for the Single Energy Level with a Specified Configuration”, Toshio Baba, Masashi Mizuta, Toshimasa Fujisawa, Junji Yoshino, Hiroshi KukimotoThe energy-level structure of the DX centers corresponding to specific local environments was investigated under hydrostatic pressure. Several discrete DX levels, each of which was a well-defined single level, were clearly resolved. The energy level of the Si... (Read more)
- 149. Phys. Rev. B 40, 3872 (1989) , “Differentiation of electron-paramagnetic-resonance signals of arsenic antisite defects in GaAs”, Mark Hoinkis and Eicke R. WeberTemperature-dependence studies of GaAs electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) quadruplet signals ascribed to arsenic antisite-related (AsGa+) defects are reported. Observations were made before and after white-light illumination in as-grown, thermally treated, plastically... (Read more)
- 150. Phys. Rev. B 39, 6253 (1989) , “Electron paramagnetic resonance identification of the SbGa heteroantisite defect in GaAs:Sb”, M. Baeumler, J. Schneider, U. Kaufmann, W. C. Mitchel, P. W. YuGaAs doped with antimony (Sb) to a level of 1019 cm-3 has been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). A new EPR spectrum has been discovered which is identified as the SbGa heteroantisite defect. The electronic structure of this defect is practically... (Read more)
- 151. Phys. Rev. B 39, 5554 (1989) , “Electron-paramagnetic-resonance measurements of Si-donor-related levels in AlxGa1-xAs”, P. M. Mooney, W. Wilkening, U. Kaufmann, T. F. KuechWe report measurements of an EPR signal in indirect-gap Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs whose intensity increases after illumination at low temperature. The data indicate that this signal comes from a hydrogenic level associated with the X valley of the conduction band. Measurements of the... (Read more)
- 152. Phys. Rev. B 39, 5538 (1989) , “Unification of the properties of the EL2 defect in GaAs”, M. Hoinkis, E. R. Weber, W. Walukiewicz, J. Lagowski, M. Matsui, H. C. Gatos, B. K. Meyer, J. M. SpaethWe provide experimental unification of the properties of EL2 in GaAs, linking the measurements of optical absorption, deep-level transient spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), optically detected electron-nuclear double resonance (ODENDOR). Results... (Read more)
- 153. Phys. Rev. B 39, 1966 (1989) , “Comment on "Atomic model for the EL2 defect in GaAs"”, H. J. von Bardeleben, J. C. Bourgoin, D. StievenardThe AsGa-VGa-VAs model for the EL2 defect in liquid encapsulated Czochralski grown GaAs proposed by Wager and Van Vechten is not supported by the experimental results: Neither divacancy defects nor gallium-vacancy-related defects have been observed by positron... (Read more)
- 154. Phys. Rev. B 39, 10063 (1989) , “Energetics of DX-center formation in GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs alloys ”, D. J. Chadi, K. J. ChangThe energetics of the shallow-deep transition of donor states in AlxGa1-xAs alloys and the problem of Fermi-level pinning by DX centers in highly doped GaAs are examined via simple theoretical models and ab initio self-consistent pseudopotential total-energy calculations. The... (Read more)
- 155. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 2276 (1989) , “Photoluminescence transients due to hole capture at DX centers in AlxGa1-xAs:Si”, G. Brunthaler, K. Ploog, W. JantschThe near-band-gap photoluminescence of AlGaAs:Si shows a slow intensity transient after cooling the sample in darkness to low temperatures. This transient correlates to the Si dopant concentration. By investigating the behavior for below- and above-band-gap illumination we show that the observed... (Read more)
- 156. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 23, 44 (1989) , “Influence of random fields on the ESR spectrum of MnGa acceptors in p-type GaAs”, N. S. Averkiev, A. A. Gutkin, O. G. Krasikova, E. B. Osipov, M. A. Reshchikov
- 157. Superlatt. Microstruct. 5, 99-102 (1989) , “Electron-spin-resonance in an AlGaAs---GaAs single-side doped quantum-well”, F. Malcher, G. Lommer, M. Dobers and G. WeimannThe spin-splitting of subband Landau levels in an Al0.35Ga0.65As-GaAs single-side doped quantum well is calculated selfconsistently using an effective 2×2 subband Hamiltonian, which is derived from a five-level k · p-model by fourth order perturbation theory and includes remote band... (Read more)
- 158. Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 959 (1988) , “Characterization of semi-insulating GaAs wafers by room-temperature EL2-related photoluminescence”, Michio TajimaDeep level photoluminescence (PL) associated with the dominant midgap donor EL2 in semi-insulating (SI) GaAs crystals has been observed for the first time at room temperature. A broad emission band with a peak at 0.65 eV was observed always in commercial undoped SI GaAs wafers. The association of... (Read more)
- 159. Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 749 (1988) , “Physical origin of the DX center”, J. C. Bourgoin and A. MaugerWhen intervalley mixing effects are large enough, they induce a sharp shallow deep instability for a substitutional impurity. We show that this is the case in GaAs for the ground state associated with the L valleys, which becomes located in the forbidden gap under hydrostatic pressure or in... (Read more)
- 160. Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 2546 (1988) , “Effect of local alloy disorder on emission kinetics of deep donors (DX centers) in AlxGa1–xAs of low Al content”, P. M. Mooney, T. N. Theis, and S. L. WrightWe report measurements by deep level transient spectroscopy of electron emission from the deep donor level (DX center) in Si-doped GaAs and AlxGa1xAs of very low Al content. For the first time, discrete emission rates corresponding to different... (Read more)
- 161. Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 383 (1988) , “Direct evidence of the DX center link to the L-conduction-band minimum in GaAlAs”, E. Calleja, A. Gomez, and E. MuñozHydrostatic pressure techniques together with deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements have shown that the Si-DX center in GaAlAs is linked to the L-conduction-band minimum. When hydrostatic pressure is applied to a 74% Al content sample, an exponential reduction of... (Read more)
- 162. Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 1689 (1988) , “Hole photoionization cross sections of EL2 in GaAs”, P. Silverberg, P. Omling, and L. SamuelsonThe spectral dependence of the hole photoionization cross section 0p" align="middle"> of EL2 in GaAs has been determined in absolute numbers at T=78 and 295 K. From simultaneous measurements of the electron photoionization cross section 0n" align="middle">,... (Read more)
- 163. J. Appl. Phys. 63, 1086 (1988) , “Deep-level analysis in Te-doped GaAs0.62P0.38”, M. Kaniewska and J. KaniewskiDeep-level transient spectroscopy and photocapacitance techniques have been used to study the features of the main electron trap, with thermal activation energy equal to EB=0.39 eV, present in Te-doped GaAs0.62P0.38, obtained by vapor-phase epitaxy.... (Read more)
- 164. J. Chem. Phys. 88, 481 (1988) , “Neon matrix ESR investigation of 69,71GaAs + generated by the photoionization of laser vaporized GaAs(s)”, Lon B. Knight, Jr. and J. T. PettyThe first spectroscopic results are reported for the 69,71GaAs + cation radical generated by photoionizing GaAs (g) produced by the pulsed laser vaporization of GaAs (s). The GaAs + cation was trapped in neon matrices at 4 K for ESR investigations... (Read more)
- 165. J. Electrochem. Soc. 135, 11C (1988) , “Degradation of III-V Opto-Electronic Devices”, O. Ueda
- 166. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 104, 85-94 (1988) , “Radiation damage in vitreous fused silica induced by MeV ion implantation*1”, Shi Chengru, Tan Manqi , T. A. TombrelloThe nature of E′1 defects in vitreous fused silica induced by high energy (1–17 MeV) Cl and F ion implantation in terms of ion fluence, ion energy, saturation behavior and annealing feature, has been studied and compared with results obtained after 2 MeV proton and 0.633 MeV... (Read more)
- 167. Phys. Rev. B 38, 6003 (1988) , “EL2 and the electronic structure of the AsGa-Asi pair in GaAs: The role of lattice distortion in the properties of the normal state”, G. A. Baraff, M. Lannoo, and M. SchlüterThe proposal that in its normal state EL2 is an AsGaAsi pair with a [111] axis and two-bond-length separation is tested by performing electronic structure calculations for that defect pair. The Asi is allowed to minimize its energy by moving along the [111] axis. Its... (Read more)
- 168. Phys. Rev. B 38, 5453 (1988) , “Electron-spin resonance in the two-dimensional electron gas of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures”, M. Dobers, K. v. Klitzing, G. WeimannElectron-spin resonance affects the magnetoresistivity of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures. With microwave frequencies of up to 70 GHz we studied systematically the spin splitting of the Landau levels in magnetic fields up to 14.5 T. The resonances within a certain Landau level... (Read more)
- 169. Phys. Rev. B 37, 8298 (1988) , “Evidence for large lattice relaxation at the DX center in Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs”, P. M. Mooney, G. A. Northrop, T. N. Morgan, H. G. GrimmeissNew measurements of the energy dependence of the photoionization cross section of the DX center in Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs are reported. With the use of a tunable infrared laser which provides sufficient light intensity in a very narrow wavelength range, the photoionization cross... (Read more)
- 170. Phys. Rev. B 37, 1043 (1988) , “Characterization of DX center in the indirect AlxGa1-xAs alloy”, M. Mizuta, K. MoriThe behavior of the DX center in AlxGa1-xAs(x?0.6) doped with Si and Se was investigated through photo-Hall measurements. The simultaneous existence of the shallow (metastable) and deep DX levels has been proven by the observation of persistent photoconductivity (PPC) whose... (Read more)
- 171. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1650 (1988) , “Electrical Detection of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs Heterostructures”, M. Dobers, K. v. Klitzing, J. Schneider, G. Weimann, K. PloogThe experimental investigation of the electron spin resonance in the two-dimensional electron gas of GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures via the ESR-induced change of magnetoresistivity reveals hysteresis and long-persisting memory effects. We have been able to prove the nuclear... (Read more)
- 172. Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2187 (1988) , “Metastability of the Isolated Arsenic-Antisite Defect in GaAs”, D. J. Chadi and K. J. ChangWe propose that a neutral As-antisite defect in GaAs has a stable fourfold and a metastable, threefold interstitial configuration differing by 0.24 eV in their energies. The barrier height from the metastable to the normal state is calculated to be 0.34 eV. The metastable geometry is predicted to... (Read more)
- 173. Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2183 (1988) , “Theoretical Evidence for an Optically Inducible Structural Transition of the Isolated As Antisite in GaAs: Identification and Explanation of EL2?”, Jaroslaw Dabrowski, Matthias SchefflerWe performed parameter-free, self-consistent calculations of the electronic structures, total energies, and forces of the As antisite, of an As-interstitial-Ga-vacancy defect pair, and of various configurations between these limits. The total-energy surface exhibits an interesting metastability. The... (Read more)
- 174. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 22, 408 (1988) , “Electron spin resonance of bound holes in GaAs:Mn”, V. F. Masterov, K. F. Shtel'makh, M. N. Barbashov
- 175. J. Appl. Phys. 62, 4786 (1987) , “The capture barrier of the DX center in Si-doped AlxGa1–xAs”, P. M. Mooney, N. S. Caswell, and S. L. WrightWe report measurements of the capture barrier for the DX center in Si-doped AlxGa1xAs as a function of the alloy composition. A model of the capture process which requires a distribution of capture barrier heights has been fit to the data for... (Read more)
- 176. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 5, 762 (1987) , “Observation of optically detected magnetic resonance signals in AlxGa1–xAs”, M. G. Spencer, T. A. Kennedy, R. Magno, J. GriffinOptically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) techniques which utilize weak spin effects on deep photoluminescence have been applied to MBE AlxGa1xAs. ODMR [unlike conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)] experiments is ideally suited for thin... (Read more)
- 177. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 26, L273 (1987) , “Determination of Al Composition and DLTS Measurements of AlxGa1-xSb on GaSb Substrate”, Yoshikazu Takeda, Xiao Cheng Gong, Yu Zhu, Akio SasakiDLTS (Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy) measurements have been carried out to investigate the electron-trap levels in Te-doped AlxGa1-xSb over a composition range from 0 to 0.4. Deep electron-traps were not detected in Te-doped n-type GaSb and AlGaSb with Al... (Read more)
- 178. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 22, 553-555 (1987) , “Ion channeling study of damage in neutron irradiated GaAs”, K. Kuriyama, M. Satoh, M. Yahagi, K. Iwamura, C. Kim, T. Kawakubo, K. Yoneda and I. KimuraThe lattice disorder in GaAs produced by fast neutrons with a fluence of 7 × 1017 n cm−2 has been investigated with 1.5-MeV 4He+ channeling and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. The slight change in the 100-aligned yield for irradiated crystals indicates that each primary... (Read more)
- 179. Phys. Rev. B 36, 7726 (1987) , “Photoresponse of the FR3 electron-spin-resonance signal in GaAs”, U. Kaufmann, W. Wilkening, and M. BaeumlerThe photoresponse of the FR3 electron-spin-resonance (ESR) signal in GaAs has been studied. Excitation and quenching of the FR3 ESR is shown to result from the optically induced charge exchange between the FR3 center and the AsGa antisite. The FR3 ESR can be persistently excited with... (Read more)
- 180. Phys. Rev. B 36, 5982 (1987) , “Temperature dependence of hyperfine coupling of the anion antisite in III-V compounds”, A. Mauger, H. J. von Bardeleben, J. C. Bourgoin, M. LannooTemperature-dependent electron-paramagnetic-resonance experiments have been performed on the arsenic antisite defect in electron-irradiated GaAs. The 4.5% decrease of the central hyperfine coupling constant A upon heating from 4 to 250 K is much too large to be attributable to the thermal expansion... (Read more)
- 181. Phys. Rev. B 36, 1332 (1987) , “Arsenic antisite defect AsGa and EL2 in GaAs”, B. K. Meyer, D. M. Hofmann, J. R. Niklas, and J.-M. SpaethThe microscopic structure of the paramagnetic anion antisite defect in semi-insulating GaAs was determined by optically detected electron-nuclear double resonance (ODENDOR). It is an arsenic-antisite–arsenic-interstitial (AsGa-Asi) pair. It is shown, by optically detected ESR... (Read more)
- 182. Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2183 (1987) , “Theoretical Evidence for an Optically Inducible Structural Transition of the Isolated As Antisite in GaAs: Identification and Explanation of EL2?”, Jaroslaw Dabrowski, Matthias SchefflerWe performed parameter-free, self-consistent calculations of the electronic structures, total energies, and forces of the As antisite, of an As-interstitial-Ga-vacancy defect pair, and of various configurations between these limits. The total-energy surface exhibits an interesting metastability. The... (Read more)
- 183. Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 240 (1987) , “Electronic Structure of the Neutral Manganese Acceptor in Gallium Arsenide”, J. Schneider, U. Kaufmann, W. Wilkening, M. Baeumler, F. KhlA new maganese-related isotropic electron-spin-resonance signal at g=2.77 has been observed in GaAs. It is shown to arise from the neutral Mn acceptor, Mn0. The analysis gives an answer to the longstanding question of whether the structure of Mn0 correponds to the... (Read more)
- 184. Physica B+C 146, 176-186 (1987) , “Lattice relaxations at substitutional impurities in semiconductors”, Matthias SchefflerThe positions of the crystal nuclei in the surrounding of substitutional impurities in Si and GaAs have been calculated using density-functional theory together with the local-density approximation for exchange and correlation and the total-energy gradient approach. These investigations give a... (Read more)
- 185. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 2, 1 (1987) , “A new model of deep donor centres in AlxGa1-xAs”, J. C. M. Henning, J. P. M. AnsemsSpectroscopic investigations of Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs reveal that the deep donor ('DX centre') exhibits an electron-phonon interaction of moderate strength. The Huang-Rhys factor turns out to be 0.5 and the dominant coupling is with the LO1 phonons. These data lead to... (Read more)
- 186. Deep Centers in Semiconductors 399 (1986) , ed. by S. T. Pantelides, Gordon and Breach, New York. , “The Mid-Gap Donor Level EL2 in Gallium Arsenide”, G. M. Martin, S. Makram-Ebeid
- 187. Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 1282 (1986) , “Photoresponse of the EL2 absorption in undoped semi-insulating GaAs”, B. Dischler, F. Fuchs, and U. KaufmannThe response of the EL2 absorption band to monochromatic secondary illumination has been studied in undoped semi-insulating GaAs. Photoinduced changes of the absorption band are spectrally nonuniform. In... (Read more)
- 188. Phys. Rev. B 34, 7192 (1986) , “Identification of a defect in a semiconductor: EL2 in GaAs”, H. J. von Bardeleben, D. Stivenard, D. Deresmes, A. Huber, J. C. BourgoinWe present here a complete set of experimental results, obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), on the so-called EL2 defect in GaAs. It is obtained on semi-insulating materials and specially doped materials grown as semi-insulating ones, which... (Read more)
- 189. Phys. Rev. B 34, 1360 (1986) , “Identification of the arsenic-antisite-arsenic-vacancy complex in electron-irradiated GaAs”, H. J. von Bardeleben, J. C. Bourgoin, and A. MiretWe report the observation by electron paramagnetic resonance of a new irradiation-induced defect in n-type GaAs. It is characterized by the spin Hamiltonian parameters S=1 / 2, g=1.97±0.06, A=0.068±0.004 cm-1, I=3 / 2 (100%) and attributed to the complex formed by an... (Read more)
- 190. Phys. Rev. B 33, 5880 (1986) , “Antisite-related defects in plastically deformed GaAs”, P. Omling, E. R. Weber, L. SamuelsonOptical absorption measurements on plastically deformed GaAs show that the total extrinsic absorption increases with deformation, while the quenchable EL2 absorption stays constant. The nonquenchable extrinsic absorption is observed to be proportional to the EPR measured AsGa containing... (Read more)
- 191. Phys. Rev. B 33, 4320 (1986) , “DX center: Crossover of deep and shallow states in Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs”, Atsushi Oshiyama, Shuhei OhnishiA new microscopic model for the origin of the DX center in Si-doped AlxGa1-xAs is proposed based on discrete variational X? cluster calculations. The calculated level structure shows that the antibonding A1 state of Si, which lies in the conduction bands as a... (Read more)
- 192. Phys. Rev. B 33, 2890 (1986) , “Identification of the arsenic vacancy defect in electron-irradiated GaAs”, H. J. von Bardeleben and J. C. BourgoinWe report the systematic observation of a new electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectrum in a wide series of electron-irradiated GaAs crystals. The spectrum consists of a partially resolved multiplet of 700-G linewidth and an effective g factor of 2.00 for B∥[001] and 2.04 for B∥[110]. Comparison... (Read more)
- 193. Solid State Commun. 60, 871-872 (1986) , “The formation of arsenic antisite defects during plastic deformation of GaAs”, E. R. WeberThe electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal of arsenic antisite defects increases after plastic deformation of GaAs. This has been attributed in the preceeding paper to the formation of only compensating acceptors rather than additional antisites. A critical discussion of this alternative model... (Read more)
- 194. Solid State Commun. 60, 867-870 (1986) , “Antisite defects in plastically-deformed GaAs: An alternative analysis”, R. BrayA revision is presented of the accepted view that the observed increease in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with plastic deformation in GaAs is due to the generation of As antisite defects. It is proposed instead that only compensating deep acceptor defects are generated. The increase of the... (Read more)
- 195. Superlatt. Microstruct. 2, 273-278 (1986) , “Electron states in GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs heterostructures: Subband Landau-levels*1”, G. Lommer, F. Malcher and U. RsslerNonparabolicities (3,4) of the bulk band structure are taken into account in the calculation of subband Landau-levels in the n-inversion layer of GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs heterostructures. We calculate the deviation of the cyclotron mass from the isotropic parabolic band case (2) for magnetic fields... (Read more)
- 196. Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 970 (1985) , “Identification of EL2 in GaAs”, H. J. von Bardeleben, D. Stievenard, J. C. Bourgoin, A. HuberCombining electron paramagnetic resonance under optical excitation, deep level transient spectroscopy, electron irradiation, annealing, and quenching on LEC semi-insulating GaAs and lightly Si-doped material grown in the same way as the semi-insulating material, we have shown that (i) the irradiated... (Read more)
- 197. Appl. Phys. Lett. 46, 781 (1985) , “Photoresponse of the AsGa antisite defect in as-grown GaAs”, M. Baeumler, U. Kaufmann, and J. WindscheifThe photoresponse of the As + Ga" align="middle"> antisite electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) has been studied in as-grown semi-insulating GaAs as a function of illumination time and photon energy h. The As + Ga" align="middle"> EPR signal intensity... (Read more)
- 198. J. Appl. Phys. 58, 3996 (1985) , “Catastrophic degradation of InGaAsP/InGaP double-heterostructure lasers grown on (001) GaAs substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy”, Osamu Ueda, Kiyohide Wakao, Satoshi Komiya, Akio Yamaguchi, Shoji Isozumi, and Itsuo UmebuCatastrophically degraded InGaAsP/InGaP double-heterostructure lasers grown on (001) GaAs substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy, emitting at 727 and 810 nm are investigated by photoluminescence topography, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray... (Read more)
- 199. J. Appl. Phys. 58, 2448 (1985) , “Thermal strain-induced degradation mechanism in the visible AlGaAs/GaAs laser”, M. Ikeda, O. Ueda, S. Komiya, and I. UmebuWe fabricated and life-tested visible AlGaAs/GaAs channeled-substrate-planar-type lasers and found that some are degraded within 100 h of operation. We investigated these using photoluminescence and transmission electron microscopic images. The characteristic features in photoluminescence images are... (Read more)
- 200. J. Appl. Phys. 57, 1523 (1985) , “Defect structures in rapidly degraded InGaAsP/InGaP double-heterostructure lasers”, Osamu Ueda, Kiyohide Wakao, Akio Yamaguchi, Shoji Isozumi, and Satoshi KomiyaRapidly degraded InGaAsP/InGaP double-heterostructure lasers grown on (001)-oriented GaAs substrates by liquid phase epitaxy have been investigated by photoluminescence topography and transmission electron microscopy. 100" align="middle">-dark-line defects and 110" align="middle">-dark-line defects... (Read more)
- 201. J. Appl. Phys. 24, L689 (1985) , “Photo-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of AsGa Antisite Defect in As-Grown GaAs Crystals of Different Stoichiometry”, Noriaki Tsukada, Toshio Kikuta, Koichi IshidaThe photoresponses of the antisite defect AsGa+ electron paramagnetic resonance signal have been investigated in as-grown, undoped, semi-insulating GaAs crystals grown from melts of different As atoms fractions. The observed photoresponses are well explained by assumting... (Read more)
- 202. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 24, L143 (1985) , “Direct Evidence for the DX Center Being a Substitutional Donor in AlGaAs Alloy System”, Masashi Mizuta, Masami Tachikawa, Hiroshi Kukimoto, Shigeru MinomuraAn experimental result that the DX center appears in GaAs:Si and GaAsd:Sn under hydrostatic pressure of about 30 kbars has been obtained for the first time. This indicates clearly that the DX center in the AlGaAs alloy system is due to a substitutional donor itself (not a complex referred to as... (Read more)
- 203. Phys. Rev. B 32, 6965 (1985) , “Reduced g factor subband Landau levels in AlGaAs/GaAs heterosructures”, G. Lommer, F. Malcher, and U. RösslerThe reduction of the g factor of subband Landau levels in the n-inversion channel of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, which has been observed in electron-spin-resonance experiments by Stein, von Klitzing, and Weimann [Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 130 (1983)], can be explained quantitatively by the taking into... (Read more)
- 204. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2340 (1985) , “Bistability and Metastability of the Gallium Vacancy in GaAs: The Actuator of EL2?”, G. A. Baraff and M. SchluterWe have used the Green's-function technique to carry out electronic-structure and total-energy calculations for the gallium vacancy in GaAs and for the nearest-neighbor (arsenic vacancy)-(arsenic antisite) pair which results when an adjacent arsenic atom hops over and fills the gallium vacancy. The... (Read more)
- 205. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2204 (1985) , “Identification of the 0.82-eV Electron Trap, EL2 in GaAs, as an Isolated Antisite Arsenic Defect”, M. Kami?ska, M. Skowro?ski, W. KuszkoEL2 is a technologically important deep level in GaAs whose identification has been the subject of intense study. In this paper we present uniaxial stress and magnetic field experiments which establish for the first time that EL2 has tetrahedral symmetry and is, therefore, an isolated point defect.... (Read more)
- 206. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56, 2050 (1985) , “Application of a microwave preamplifier to an ESR spectrometer”, Günter GramppThe aim of this investigation was to measure the sensitivity improvement reached on a commercial homodyne X-band ESR spectrometer by installing a microwave GaAsFET type preamplifier (8.59.6 GHz). Up to a power level of 1 mW a factor of 3 was obtained in signal improvement.... (Read more)
- 207. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 907 (1984) , “Identification of AsGa antisite defects in liquid encapsulated Czochralski GaAs”, K. Elliott, R. T. Chen, S. G. Greenbaum, R. J. WagnerWe have identified the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the As on a Ga site (AsGa) defect in bulk undoped liquid encapsulated Czochralski grown GaAs. The intensity of the EPR signal can be correlated with the concentration of compensating carbon acceptors in the GaAs... (Read more)
- 208. J. Appl. Phys. 56, 3394 (1984) , “Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of fast neutron-generated defects in GaAs”, A. Goltzene, B. Meyer, C. Schwab, S. G. Greenbaum, R. J. Wagner, T. A. KennedyA series of fast neutron-irradiated GaAs samples (neutron fluence range of 2×10152.5×1017 cm2) has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The EPR spectra at 9 GHz exhibit a broad (~1 kG) Lorentzian singlet at... (Read more)
- 209. J. Appl. Phys. 56, 2655 (1984) , “Kinetics of formation of the midgap donor EL2 in neutron irradiated GaAs materials”, G. M. Martin, E. Estève, P. Langlade, and S. Makram-EbeidFast neutron irradiation of n-GaAs mainly induces two deep electron traps in the band gap. The first of these is referred to as EL6 and has an energy level at Ec 0.35 eV, where Ec is the conduction band minimum; the second one has a wide... (Read more)
- 210. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 66, 133-138 (1984) , “Local order and defects in MBE-grown a-GaAs”, S. G. Greenbaum, D. J. Treacy, B. V. Shanabrook, J. Comas and S. G. BishopElectron spin resonance (ESR), and 71Ga and 75As nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been performed on a 20μ thick film of a-GaAs deposited on a SiO2 substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. The ESR spectrum exhibits the four-line S=1/2, I=3/2 hyperfine pattern characteristic of the... (Read more)
- 211. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 23, 1594 (1984) , “DX Deep Centers in AlxGa1-xAs Grown by Liquid-Phase Epitaxy”, Masami Tachikawa, Masashi Mizuta, Hiroshi KukimotoDeep levels, the so-called DX centers, in the AlxGa1-xAs alloy system grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) were investigated by junction-capacitance spectroscopy. The dependence of the activation energy of the DX center in Sn-doped... (Read more)
- 212. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 1, 427-430 (1984) , “Fast neutron damage in tetrahedral ANB8−N Compounds: Effects of ionicity”, A. Goltzene, B. Meyer , C. SchwabIrradiation of crystals with neutrons of high energy leads to the formation of different types of defects, such as point defects or extended defects, like clusters or even amorphous regions in the displacement spike. Their nature and their creation yields depend on the chemical nature of the... (Read more)
- 213. Phys. Rev. B 30, 931 (1984) , “Optical-pumping study of spin-dependent recombination in GaAs”, Daniel PagetOptical-pumping techniques provide a convenient way to study-dependent recombination (SDR) processes at deep impurity centers in semiconductors. Indeed, by changing the polarization of excitation light, it is possible to modify the photoelectron spin polarization in a controlled way. This produces a... (Read more)
- 214. Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1187 (1984) , “Optically Detected Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance of As-Antisite Defects in GaAs”, D. M. Hofmann, B. K. Meyer, F. Lohse, and J. -M. SpaethThis Letter reports on the first optically detected electron-nuclear double-resonance (ENDOR) measurements of a paramagnetic semiconductor defect in which ligand hyperfine interactions could be resolved. In semi-insulating GaAs: Cr the ENDOR lines of the first-shell 75As neighbors of the... (Read more)
- 215. Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 851 (1984) , “Optical Properties of As-Antisite and EL2 Defects in GaAs”, B. K. Meyer, J.-M. Spaeth, M. SchefflerThis Letter reports the first application of an ESR-tagged magnetic circular dichroism measurement to a paramagnetic deep-level defect in a semiconductor. In semi-insulating GaAs two new absorption bands are found at 1.05 and 1.29 eV. Both bands are identified as intracenter electronic transitions... (Read more)
- 216. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 18, 49 (1984) , “Influence of rare-earth elements on the carrier mobility in epitaxial InP and InGaAs films”, N. T. Bagraev, L. S. Vlasenko, K. A. Gatsoev, A. T. Gorelenok, A. V. Kamanin, V. V. Mamutin, B. V. Pushny, V. K. Tibilov, Yu. P. Tolparov, A. E. Shubin
- 217. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 18, 162 (1984) , “Problem of the charge state of manganese impurities in GaAs:Mn”, D. G. Andrianov, Yu. A. Grigor'ev, S. O. Klimonski?, A. S. Savel'ev, S. M. Yakubenya
- 218. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices ED-30, 321 (1983) , “Positive Feedback Model of Defect Formation in Gradually Degraded GaAlAs Light Emitting Devices”, KAZUO KONDO, OSAMU UEDA, SHOJI ISOZUMI, SHIGENOBU YAMAKOSHI, KENZO AKITA, TSUYOSHI KOTANI
- 219. J. Appl. Phys. 54, 161 (1983) , “Quantitative measurements of recombination enhanced dislocation glide in gallium arsenide”, Koji Maeda, Miwa Sato, Akihisa Kubo, and Shin TakeuchiEffects of 30-keV electron-beam irradiation on dislocation glide were investigated for - and -dislocations in bulk n-GaAs single crystals by cathodoluminescence microscopy using a scanning electron microscope with a bending apparatus in it. At high temperatures above... (Read more)
- 220. Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 130 (1983) , “Electron Spin Resonance on GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs Heterostructures”, D. Stein, K. v. Klitzing, G. WeimannPhotoconductivity measurements on GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures with photon energies 0.05 meV<hν<0.14 meV show resonance structures with a half-width of less than 0.002 meV in the magnetic field range 3 T<B<8 T. The resonances are only observed at magnetic... (Read more)
- 221. Physica B+C 116, 564-569 (1983) , “Experimental tests of non-thermal effect for pulsed-laser annealing by time-resolved reflectivity and EPR measurements”, K. Murakami, K. Masuda, Y. Aoyagi and S. NambaExperimental tests of non-thermal effect for pulsed laser annealing (PLA) of semiconductors have been done by means of two techniques. One is time-resolved reflectivity measurement during single 30-ps PLA of amorphous GaAs. An anomalous dynamic behavior is observed at an energy-density window, i.e.,... (Read more)
- 222. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 17, 796 (1983) , “Investigation of structure defects in the GaAs:Mn system by the ESR method”, V. F. Masterov, S. B. Mikhrin, B. E. Samorukov, K. F. Shtel'makh
- 223. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 17, 412 (1983) , “Excited states of the Fe3+ ion in gallium arsenide and phosphide”, E. S. Demidov, A. A. Ezhevski?, and V. V. Karzanov.
- 224. Appl. Phys. Lett. 40, 342 (1982) , “Origin of the 0.82-eV electron trap in GaAs and its annihilation by shallow donors”, J. Lagowski, H. C. Gatos, J. M. Parsey, K. Wada, M. Kaminska, and W. WalukiewiczThe concentration of the major electron trap (0.82 eV below the conduction band) in GaAs (Bridgman grown) was found to increase with increasing As pressure during growth. It was further found that (for a given As pressure) the concentration of this trap decreased with increasing concentration of... (Read more)
- 225. J. Appl. Phys. 53, 6140 (1982) , “Identification of AsGa antisites in plastically deformed GaAs”, E. R. Weber, H. Ennen, U. Kaufmann, J. Windscheif, J. Schneider, T. WosinskiAsGa antisite defects formed during plastic deformation of GaAs are identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. From photo-EPR results it can be concluded that the two levels of this double donor are located near Ec 0.75 eV and... (Read more)
- 226. J. Appl. Phys. 53, 4541 (1982) , “Electron paramagnetic resonance of extended defects in semi-insulating GaAs”, A. Goltzene, B. Meyer, and C. SchwabThe temperature dependence, over the 4.2100 K range, of the narrow EPR line, labeled X, with an isotropic value of g = 2.002 has been investigated in a semi-insulating GaAs:Cr sample. From its Curie-Weiss behavior, leading to a (T+13.1)1 law, it is... (Read more)
- 227. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 199, 61-73 (1982) , “Comparison of nuclear and optical methods in the study of amorphized semiconductors and insulators”, Gerhard GötzThe damage and amorphization of implanted silicon is reported. The results of backscattering measurements (RBS) are presented and compared with results of optical measurements and EPR investigations. At low implantation temperatures the amount and depth distribution of the damage can be described by... (Read more)
- 228. Phys. Rev. B 26, 2296 (1982) , “Confirmation of the EPR identification of Cr4+ 3d2 in p-type Cr-doped GaAs by means of applied uniaxial stress”, J. J. Krebs and G. H. StaussUniaxial stress has been used to study the isotropic Cr-related EPR center in p-type GaAs: Cr. Stress linearly splits the EPR line into two components, showing that the center is due to substitutional Cr4+ 3d2 rather than interstitial Cr1+ 3d5. The stress... (Read more)
- 229. Phys. Rev. B 25, 7731 (1982) , “Electron paramagnetic resonance parameters of substitutional Cr2+ impurity in GaAs by a cluster approach”, M. H. de A. Viccaro, S. Sundaram, and R. R. SharmaA cluster treatment incorporating Jahn-Teller distortion and covalency effects has been given for a substitutional Cr2+ impurity in GaAs to interpret the g factors and zero-field splitting parameters. Significant charge-transfer effects have been found to be present in this system. The g... (Read more)
- 230. Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1728 (1982) , “Positive Identification of the Cr4+ → Cr3+ Thermal Transition in GaAs”, D. C. Look, S. Chaudhuri, L. EavesTemperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements on two Cr-doped GaAs samples show a dominant center at E1=0.324-1.4×10-4T eV, with respect to the valence-band edge. By comparison with secondary-ion mass spectroscopy measurements of the Cr concentration, and recent EPR... (Read more)
- 231. Solid State Commun. 44, 369-372 (1982) , “Electronic structure calculation of Mn-doped GaAs”, Arnaldo Dal Pino, Jr. Adalberto Fazzio and JoséR. LeiteThe molecular cluster model, within the framework of the self-consistent field multiple scattering Xα method, is applied to calculate the electronic structure of a Mn substitutional impurity in GaAs. The charge states Mn3+, with spin configurations S = 0 and 2, and Mn2+, with S = 5/2, were... (Read more)
- 232. Solid State Commun. 44, 285-286 (1982) , “Neutron-transmutation doping of GaAs — as studied by ESR”, J. Schneider and U. Kaufmann.Neutron (n0) transmutation doping of GaAs has been monitored by electron spin resonance (ESR). Strong evidence was obtained that, apart from fast neutron impact, AsGa antisite defects are also created by the γ- and β-emissions following thermal n0-capture. The AsGa defects, forming deep... (Read more)
- 233. Appl. Phys. Lett. 39, 747 (1981) , “Optical assessment of the main electron trap in bulk semi-insulating GaAs”, G. M. MartinNear-infrared optical absorption in undoped bulk GaAs ingots is shown to be due essentially to the presence of the main deep donor EL2. Measurement of the corresponding absorption represents the first known method of quantitative determination of that level in semi-insulating material. Furthermore,... (Read more)
- 234. Phys. Rev. B 23, 5335 (1981) , “Deep-level optical spectroscopy in GaAs”, A. Chantre, G. Vincent, D. BoisAn experimental method which we call deep-level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) is described. It is based on photostimulated capacitance transients measurements after electrical, thermal, or optical excitation of the sample, i.e., a diode. This technique provides the spectral distribution of both... (Read more)
- 235. Phys. Rev. B 23, 3920 (1981) , “Charge transfer Cr3+(3d3)?Cr2+(3d4) in chromium-doped GaAs”, G. Martinez, A. M. Hennel, W. Szuszkiewicz, M. Balkanski, B. ClerjaudResults on the absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements on chromium-doped GaAs are reported. For p-type samples the main optical transitions are shown to be due to a photoionization process which has been measured as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure. A model,... (Read more)
- 236. Solid State Commun. 40, 473-477 (1981) , “The observation of high concentrations of arsenic anti-site defects in electron irradiated n-type GaAs by X-band EPR”, N. K. Goswami, R. C. Newman and J. E. WhitehouseN-type GaAs doped with sulphur (2.8 × 1018 cm-3) has been subjected to 2 MeV electron irradiation in stages at room temperature and examined by the EPR technique. When the free carrier absorption is first eliminated no EPR signal is detected. After further irradiation, the spectrum of the As... (Read more)
- 237. Solid State Commun. 40, 285-289 (1981) , “Anion antisite defects in GaAs and GaP”, T. L. Reinecke and P. J. Lin-ChungThe electronic properties of anion antisite defects and the related ideal cation vacancies are calculated based on tight-binding Hamiltonians and using a novel recursion method. For the antisite defects symmetric A1 states are found in the upper part of the fundamental gaps, and for the ideal... (Read more)
- 238. J. Appl. Phys. 51, 419 (1980) , “Optically induced transient electron paramagnetic resonance phenomena in GaAs:Cr”, A. M. White, J. J. Krebs, and G. H. StaussThe dynamics of EPR spectra of the charge states of Cr in GaAs during and following optical excitation are profoundly determined by the presence of other traps. Transients are slow, nonexponential, not thermally activated, and sample dependent. We show that the instability of Cr1 + and... (Read more)
- 239. Phys. Rev. B 22, 3141 (1980) , “New EPR data and photoinduced changes in GaAs:Cr. Reinterpretation of the “second-acceptor” state as Cr4+”, G. H. Stauss, J. J. Krebs, S. H. Lee, and E. M. SwiggardSeveral samples with Fermi levels ranging from the valence to the conduction band show that the resonance previously attributed to Cr1+ is due to Cr4+, and no additional signal is observed under conditions where Cr1+ would be expected to exist. The double-acceptor... (Read more)
- 240. Phys. Rev. B 22, 2050 (1980) , “GaAs:Cr3+(3d3)an orthorhombic Jahn-Teller center with a stress-dependent reorientation rate”, G. H. Stauss and J. J. KrebsThe Cr3+(3d3) EPR center in GaAs has been investigated using controlled uniaxial stress at temperatures from 1.8 to 4.2 K. Stresses up to 1200 kg/cm2 were applied along the [001], [111], [110], and [112] axes. The rapidity of stress alignment of the distortions at... (Read more)
- 241. Solid State Commun. 36, 897-900 (1980) , “EPR measurements on chromium doped GaAs, GaP and InP”, N. K. Goswami, R. C. Newman and J. E. WhitehouseEPR measurements have been made on chromium doped GaAs samples at 4.2 K. An n-type sample doped with chromium and silicon was irradiated with 2 MeV electrons to lower the Fermi level. No resonance from substitutional Cr+ (3d5) was detected, although the Crs 2+ spectrum was observed. The generally... (Read more)
- 242. Solid State Commun. 36, 15-17 (1980) , “Submillimeter EPR evidence for the As antisite defect in GaAs”, R. J. Wagner, J. J. Krebs , G. H. Stauss , A. M. WhiteA new EPR spectrum has been observed in semi-insulating GaAs with a submillimeter laser magnetic resonance spectrometer. The spectrum is isotropic with g = 2.04 ± 0.01 at . The hyperfine interaction parameter | A | ([ = 3/2) is 0.090 ± 0.001 cm-1. The spectrum is attributed to the As... (Read more)
- 243. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 765 (1979) , “Defect structure of degraded Ga1–xAlxAs double-heterostructure light-emitting diodes”, Osamu Ueda, Shoji Isozumi, Shigenobu Yamakoshi, and Tsuyoshi KotaniThe defect structure of degraded Ga1xAlxAs double-heterostructure (DH) light-emitting diodes (LED's) was investigated by electroluminescence (EL) topography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two types of dark-line defects (DLD's), 100 DLD's and 110... (Read more)
- 244. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 6643 (1979) , “TEM observation of catastrophically degraded Ga1–xAlxAs double-heterostructure lasers”, Osamu Ueda, Hajime Imai, Tsuyoshi Kotani, Koichi Wakita, Hideho SaitoDefect structures of degraded GaAs/Ga1xAlxAs double-heterostructure (DH) lasers applied with pulsed current under high current density are studied by transmission electron microscopy. Several kinds of defects are observed corresponding to the 110 dark-line... (Read more)
- 245. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 6334 (1979) , “The sulfur-related trap in GaAs1–xPx”, R. A. Craven and D. FinnA systematic study has been made of the deep level introduced into GaAs1xPx alloy material by S doping. Conclusive documentation of the linear relationship between S concentration and the deep-level trap concentration is presented for x?0.4. The... (Read more)
- 246. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 6251 (1979) , “EPR determination of the concentration of chromium charge states in semi-insulating GaAs : Cr”, G. H. Stauss, J. J. Krebs, S. H. Lee, and E. M. SwiggardChromium can assume three different charge states in semi-insulating GaAs :Cr. An EPR-optical method is described which allows the Cr concentration in each of these states to be quantitatively determined. Typical results are given for a number of Cr-doped GaAs samples. Journal of Applied... (Read more)
- 247. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 5425 (1979) , “EPR investigations of the defect chemistry of semi-insulating GaAs : Cr”, A. Goltzené, G. Poiblaud, and C. SchwabThe effects of some heat treatments under various atmospheres (vacuum, As, Ga2O3, or H2) on GaAs : Cr samples have been investigated by EPR. The equilibria between the two valence states Cr + and Cr2 + seem to depend on various parameters such... (Read more)
- 248. J. Appl. Phys. 50, 3721 (1979) , “Catastrophic damage of AlxGa1–xAs double-heterostructure laser material”, C. H. Henry, P. M. Petroff, R. A. Logan, and F. R. MerrittWe carry out a detailed study of catastrophic degradation (CD) in DH laser material from which we reach two conclusions. First, local melting occurs and is due to intense nonradiative recombination of minority carriers at a cleaved surface or at a defect. The minority carriers are generated by... (Read more)
- 249. Phys. Rev. B 20, 795 (1979) , “Effects of uniaxial stress and temperature variation on the Cr2+ center in GaAs”, J. J. Krebs and G. H. StaussThe effects both of applied uniaxial stress and of temperature variation on the EPR spectrum of Cr2+ in GaAs have been studied. The rapid stress-induced alignment of the Cr2+ centers at 4.2 K shows that the observed tetragonal symmetry is due to the Jahn-Teller effect as was... (Read more)
- 250. Phys. Rev. B 19, 1015 (1979) , “Trapping characteristics and a donor-complex (DX) model for the persistent-photoconductivity trapping center in Te-doped AlxGa1-xAs”, D. V. Lang, R. A. Logan, M. JarosPhotocapacitance measurements have been used to determine the electron photoionization cross section of the centers responsible for persistent photoconductivity in Te-doped AlxGa1-xAs. The cross-section data, which have been obtained at various temperatures and for crystals of... (Read more)
- 251. Solid State Commun. 32, 399-401 (1979) , “Pulsed far-infrared spectroscopy of GaAs:Cr at high magnetic fields in the field-modulation mode”, R. J. Wagner and A. M. WhiteA magnetic field-modulation technique has been developed for sensitive far infrared electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy on Cr2+ centers in GaAs. A hundred-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio relative to non-modulation techniques was obtained. The results of this experiment have... (Read more)
- 252. Solid State Commun. 32, 205-208 (1979) , “The origin of sharp near infrared transitions in chromium doped III–V semiconductors”, A. M. WhiteIt is contended that the sharp emission and absorption lines seen in GaAs:Cr and GaP:Cr at 0.839 eV and 1.029 eV are due to a type of excitonic recombination at isoelectronic sites involving chromium. This assignment contrasts strongly with the widely accepted model involving an internal d-d... (Read more)
- 253. Sov. Phys. Solid State 21, 1852 (1979) , “Nature of paramagnetic centers in iron-doped GaAs and GaP”, V. I. Kirillov , V. V. Teslenko
- 254. Surf. Sci. 82, 102-108 (1979) , “Structure of IlI–V compound (110) surface regions from EPR data and elastic energy minimisation calculations”, D. J. Miller and D. HanemanThe structure of the first several layers of the (110) surfaces of GaAs, AlSb and GaP are obtained by two methods. In the first, electron paramagnetic resonance data is combined with bond orbital considerations to yield first layer reconstructions. In the second method, the surface energy is... (Read more)
- 255. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1267 (1978) , “Wave functions and (110) surface structure of III–V compounds”, D. J. Miller and D. HanemanNew electron paramagnetic resonance determinations of the dangling orbital on Ga atoms on the cleavage surfaces of GaP are compared with corresponding data for GaAs and A1Sb. Using a bond-orbital approach the (110) surface structure for all three compounds is reconstructed, with the surface cation... (Read more)
- 256. Phys. Rev. B 17, 2081 (1978) , “ESR of the doubly ionized Cr acceptor and infrared luminescence of Cr in GaP:Cr”, U. Kaufmann and W. H. KoschelAfter optical excitation a broad isotropic electron-spin-resonance (ESR) signal with g=1.999 has been observed in chromium-doped GaP. It is attributed to an isolated Cr+ (3d5) center, presumably on a Ga site, which may be viewed as the doubly ionized Cr acceptor. The low-energy... (Read more)
- 257. Solid State Commun. 25, 1113-1116 (1978) , “ESR assessment of 3d7 transition metal impurity states in GaP, GaAs and InP”, U. Kaufmann , J. SchneiderPhoto-sensitive electron spin resonance of the 3d7-ions Fe+, Co2+, Ni3+ has been detected and analysed in GaP, GaAs and InP. For GaP : Ni3+, hyperfine interaction with the four nearest P31-ligands could be resolved. (Read more)
- 258. Surf. Sci. 75, 681-688 (1978) , “EPR centres at a gas-solid interface induced by a microwave gas plasma”, B. P. Lemke and D. HanemanDetails are reported for EPR centres induced in various samples after operating a cyclotron resonance type gas discharge inside a vacuum envelope within a microwave cavity. In the case of vacuum crushed GaAs, centres identified as O−3 were induced on the surfaces at 100 K. The powder... (Read more)
- 259. Appl. Phys. Lett. 30, 368 (1977) , “The origin of dislocation climb during laser operation”, S. O'Hara, P. W. Hutchinson, P. S. DobsonThe origin of the dislocation climb which takes place in the presence of electron-hole recombination in laser structuresis discussed. TEM studies on lasers which have been degraded by either forward bias or by optical pumping show that the climb dipoles are extrinsic in both cases. In addition,... (Read more)
- 260. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13, 564 (1977) , “The New Origin of Dark-Line Defects in Planar-Stripe DH Lasers”, HIDEO SAITO, TSUYOSHI KAWAKAMI
- 261. J. Appl. Phys. 48, 3950 (1977) , “Defect structure of 100 dark lines in the active region of a rapidly degraded Ga1–xAlxAs LED”, Osamu Ueda, Shoji Isozumi, Tsuyoshi Kotani, and Toyoshi YamaokaThe 100 dark-line defects (DLD's) in the active region of a rapidly degraded Ga1xAlxAs LED were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dislocation networks, which contain dislocation dipoles and a number of dislocation loops, were associated... (Read more)
- 262. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 16, 233 (1977) , “Injection-Enhanced Dislocation Glide under Uniaxial Stress in GaAs-(GaAl)As Double Heterostructure Laser”, Taibun Kamejima, Koichi Ishida, Junji MatsuiBy applying uniaxial stresses of the order of 108-9 dyn/cm2 to (GaAs-(GaAl)As DH lasers in addition to the forward bias current, the development of <110> straight dark lines is observed in the electron beam induced junction current mode using an SEM. They are identified... (Read more)
- 263. Phys. Lett. A 60, 355-357 (1977) , “Hyperfine structure in the EPR spectrum of O−2 on GaAs surfaces”, D. J. Miller , D. HanemanIt is shown that a previous interpretation of hyperfine structure in the O−2 — GaAs surface EPR spectrum is incorrect. The experimental spectrum is reproduced and re-interpreted in a consistent way. The surface Ga orbital is almost entirely p-like. (Read more)
- 264. Phys. Rev. B 16, 974 (1977) , “EPR study of Fe3+ and Cr2+ in InP”, G. H. Stauss, J. J. Krebs, and R. L. HenryAt 4.5 K, Fe3+ (3d5) displays a cubic-symmetry EPR spectrum in InP similar to that in related III-V semiconductors, with parameters g=2.0235(10) and a=+221(2)×10-4 cm-1. Optical transitions near 0.75 and 1.13 eV produce transient decreases in the... (Read more)
- 265. Phys. Rev. B 16, 971 (1977) , “EPR of Cr2+ (3d4) in gallium arsenide: Jahn-Teller distortion and photoinduced charge conversion”, J. J. Krebs and G. H. StaussThe spin-Hamiltonian parameters and low-temperature behavior of Cr2+ in GaAs are found to correspond closely to those in II-VI zinc-blende compounds, suggesting the occurrence of a static Jahn-Teller distortion. Observation of photoinduced charge conversion among Cr2+,... (Read more)
- 266. Phys. Rev. B 15, 816 (1977) , “Optical detection of conduction-electron spin resonance in GaAs, Ga1-xInxAs, and Ga1-xAlxAs”, Claude Weisbuch and Claudine HermannThe optical detection of conduction-electron spin resonance (CESR) is performed in GaAs, Ga1-xInxAs, and Ga1-xAlxAs alloys. The measured g factor of GaAs is g*=-0.44±0.02. The good precision obtained permits a fruitful comparison with theory.... (Read more)
- 267. Phys. Rev. B 15, 17 (1977) , “EPR of Cr(3d3) in GaAsevidence for strong Jahn-Teller effects”, J. J. Krebs and G. H. StaussThe X-band EPR spectrum of Cr3+(3d3) has been observed in semi-insulating Cr-doped GaAs at 5 K. The Cr is assumed to be substitutional for Ga. The S=3 / 2 center has an orthorhombic (C2ν) symmetry spin Hamiltonian... (Read more)
- 268. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 11, 426 (1977) , “Magnetic and optical properties of Ni3+ and Co2+ ions of 3d7 configuration in gallium arsenide”, D. G. Andrianov, N. I. Suchkova, A. S. Savel'ev, E. P. Rashevskaya, M. A. Filippov
- 269. Sov. Phys. Solid State 19, 100 (1977) , “Impurity states of iron group ions in gallium arsenide and silicon”, E. S. Demidov
- 270. Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 605 (1976) , “Observation and analysis of very rapid optical degradation of GaAs/GaAlAs DH laser material”, B. Monemar and G. R. WoolhouseWe have observed and analyzed a very rapid form of degradation caused by the optical excitation of GaAs/GaAlAs DH laser material. It consists of the very rapid (50 µ/sec) development of 110-oriented lines originating at a mechanically damaged area and restricted to the optically excited area.... (Read more)
- 271. Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 461 (1976) , “Dislocation climb model in compound semiconductors with zinc blende structure”, P. M. Petroff and L. C. KimerlingA new dislocation climb model is proposed for compound semiconductors with the zinc blende structure. Within the model a supersaturation of only one type of point defect is needed for the dislocation climb process. Consideration of the forces involved suggest that in compound semiconductors grown by... (Read more)
- 272. Solid State Commun. 20, 143-146 (1976) , “Deep traps in semi-insulating GaAs: Cr revealed by photo-sensitive ESR”, U. Kaufmann and J. SchneiderThe Cr+ ESR spectrum has been observed in GaAs: Cr after near i.r. excitation. The ESR photo-excitation and quenching spectra are used to establish a model for the Cr centers which is consistent with photoconductivity, photo-thermopower, and photocapacitance studies as well as with optical... (Read more)
- 273. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 10, 899 (1976) , “Influence of the potential relief in gallium arsenide on optical charging of paramagnetic centers”, D. P. Erchak, V. F. Stel'makh, V. D. Tkachev, G. G. Fedoruk
- 274. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 10, 637 (1976) , “Influence of oxygen on properties of gallium arsenide doped with transition metals”, D. G. Andrianov, . M. Omel'yanovski?, E. P. Rashevskaya, N. I. Suchkova
- 275. Sov. Phys. Semicond. 9, 104 (1975) , “Comparison of the results of an investigation of ESR signals and high-temperature measurements of the Hall effect and electrical conductivity of iron-doped GaAs samplesr”, N. I. Suchkova , N. N. Solov'ev
- 276. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 3899 (1974) , “Rapid degradation phenomenon in heterojunction GaAlAs-GaAs lasers”, P. Petroff and R. L. HartmanThe rapid degradation phenomenon in Ga1xAlxAsGaAs DH lasers has been associated with the growth of a dislocation network during the device operation. The nature of these defects has been analyzed by transmission electron microscopy in an effort to... (Read more)
- 277. Phys. Lett. A 50, 49-50 (1974) , “Hyperfine interaction of adsorbed O2− with GaAs surface atoms”, G. H. Stauss , J. J. KrebsEPR measurement of the hyperfine interaction between Ga nuclei and O2− ions adsorbed on clean GaAs is reported. The surface Ga atomic orbital concerned has an almost purely p character. (Read more)
- 278. Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, 469 (1973) , “Defect structure introduced during operation of heterojunction GaAs lasers”, P. Petroff and R. L. HartmanThe nature and origin of the defects responsible for the rapid degradation of stripe geometry GaAsGaAlAs double-heterostructure lasers have been identified by transmission electron microscopy. These defects are formed by a three-dimensional dislocation network which originates at a dislocation... (Read more)
- 279. Phys. Rev. B 3, 2918 (1971) , “Electron-Paramagnetic-Resonance Study of Clean and Oxygen-Exposed Surfaces of GaAs, AlSb, and Other III-V Compounds”, D. J. Miller and D. HanemanClean surfaces of p-type GaP, GaAs, GaSb, and InAs and n-type GaAs, AlSb, and GaSb have been prepared by crushing in ultrahigh vacuum (10-9 Torr) and measured by the electron-paramagnetic-resonance technique at room temperature and 77°K. A small clean-surface signal was found. When... (Read more)
- 280. Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 109 (1970) , “JUNCTION LASERS WHICH OPERATE CONTINUOUSLY AT ROOM TEMPERATURE”, I. Hayashi, M. B. Panish, P. W. Foy, and S. SumskiDouble-heterostructure GaAsAlx Ga1x As injection lasers which operate continuously at heat-sink temperatures as high as 311°K have been fabricated by liquid-phase epitaxy. Thresh-olds for square diodes as low as 100 A/cm2 and for Fabry-Perot... (Read more)
- 281. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 4902 (1969) , “EPR Study of Lithium-Diffused, Mn-Doped GaAs”, Reuben S. TitleAn EPR study of the Mn spectra in Li-diffused Mn-doped GaAs is presented. The EPR spectra show that the symmetry at the Mn site is orthorhombic. This thus indicates association between the Mn and Li impurities. A model is proposed which is consistent with the observed symmetry at the Mn site, the... (Read more)
- 282. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 30, 2419-2425 (1969) , “ESR-resonances in doped GaAs and GaP*1”, S. Haraldson , C-G. RibbingESR-signals from GaP:Sn, GaP:Si and GaAs:Si, GaAs:Te are reported. GaP:Sn crystals give two Isotropie signals. The larger one of them with g-value 1.998 is attributed to bound donor electrons. No definite conclusion about the origin of the other line with g = 2.131 is presented. The system GaP:Si... (Read more)
- 283. Solid State Commun. 7, ⅱ‐ⅲ (1969) , “ESR-resonance in doped GaAs and GaP”, S. Haraldson , C-G Ribbing
- 284. Surf. Sci. 5, 267-282 (1966) , “Electron paramagnetic resonance study on silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide surfaces interacting with adsorbed oxygen*1”, P. Chan , A. SteinemannWhen exposed to various oxygen containing gases, powdered samples of Si, Ge, InAs, and GaAs show an EPR signal at g = 2.0027. Adsorption of gaseous mixtures containing oxygen broadens the line. This is attributed to dipolar interaction between the paramagnetic centres created below the semiconductor... (Read more)
- 285. J. Appl. Phys. 35, 379-397 (1964) , “Diffusion and Solubility of Copper in Extrinsic and Intrinsic Germanium, Silicon, and Gallium Arsenide”, R. N. Hall and J. H. RacetteThe solubilities of substitutional and interstitial copper (Cus and Cui) have been measured in intrinsic and extrinsic n- and p-type Ge, Si, and GaAs, using Cu64. These measurements show that Cus is a triple acceptor in... (Read more)
- 286. Solid-State Electronics 7, 811 (1964) , “Permanent degradation of GaAs tunnel diodes*1”, Robert D. Gold, Leonard R. WeisbergPermanent degradation of GaAs tunnel diodes is observed during normal operation at room temperature. This degradation is characterised by a large decrease in peak current, and is quantitatively correlated with a widening of the junction space charge region. The degradation is caused by the flow of... (Read more)
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